Aristophanes · The Wasps Σφῆκες

Aristophanes, The Wasps 1–135: Prologue: the slaves guard the house

Sosias and Xanthias, the slaves set to guard the house at night, try to keep awake and tell each other their dreams, of an eagle that dropped a shield and of a grampus weighing out the city's fat. Xanthias then speaks to the audience, promises a little tale with a meaning in it, and explains that their master Bdelycleon keeps his father Philocleon locked in because the old man has a mania for the law-courts. He describes the old man's symptoms, the failed cures and his escape through the pipes.

Lines 1–135 · 1134 words · click a number to copy its link
Σωσίας 1Οὗτος τί πάσχεις ὦ κακόδαιμον Ξανθία; Ξανθίας φυλακὴν καταλύειν νυκτερινὴν διδάσκομαι. Σωσίας κακὸν ἆρα ταῖς πλευραῖς τι προὐφείλεις μέγα. ἆρʼ οἶσθά γʼ οἷον κνώδαλον φυλάττομεν; Ξανθίας 5οἶδʼ, ἀλλʼ ἐπιθυμῶ σμικρὸν ἀπομερμηρίσαι. Σωσίας σὺ δʼ οὖν παρακινδύνευʼ, ἐπεὶ καὐτοῦ γʼ ἐμοῦ κατὰ τοῖν κόραιν ὕπνου τι καταχεῖται γλυκύ. Ξανθίας ἀλλʼ ἦ παραφρονεῖς ἐτεὸν ἢ κορυβαντιᾷς; Σωσίας οὔκ, ἀλλʼ ὕπνος μʼ ἔχει τις ἐκ Σαβαζίου. Ξανθίας 10τὸν αὐτὸν ἄρʼ ἐμοὶ βουκολεῖς Σαβάζιον. κἀμοὶ γὰρ ἀρτίως ἐπεστρατεύσατο Μῆδός τις ἐπὶ τὰ βλέφαρα νυστακτὴς ὕπνος· καὶ δῆτʼ ὄναρ θαυμαστὸν εἶδον ἀρτίως. Σωσίας κἄγωγʼ ἀληθῶς οἷον οὐδεπώποτε. 15ἀτὰρ σὺ λέξον πρότερος. Ξανθίας ἐδόκουν αἰετὸν καταπτόμενον ἐς τὴν ἀγορὰν μέγαν πάνυ ἀναρπάσαντα τοῖς ὄνυξιν ἀσπίδα φέρειν ἐπίχαλκον ἀνεκὰς ἐς τὸν οὐρανόν,

SOSIAS You ill-starred Xanthias, what’s the matter now?

XANTHIAS The nightly watch I’m studying to relieve.

SOSIAS Why then, your ribs will have a score against you. Do you forget what sort of beast we’re guarding?

XANTHIAS No, but I’d fain just drowse dull care away.

SOSIAS Well, try your luck: for I too feel a sort Of drowsy sweetness settling o’er my eyes.

XANTHIAS Sure you’re a maniac or a Corybant.

SOSIAS (Producing a wine flask) Nay ’tis a sleep from great Sabazius holds me.

XANTHIAS (Producing another) Aha! and I’m your fellow-votary there. My lids too felt just now the fierce assault Of a strong Median nod-compelling sleep. And then I dreamed a dream; such a strange dream!

SOSIAS And so did I: the strangest e’er I heard of. But tell yours first.

XANTHIAS Methought a monstrous eagle Came flying towards the market-place, and there Seized in its claws a wriggling brassy shield, And bore it up in triumph to the sky,

Ξανθίας 19κἄπειτα ταύτην ἀποβαλεῖν Κλεώνυμον. Σωσίας 20οὐδὲν ἄρα γρίφου διαφέρει Κλεώνυμος. Ξανθίας πῶς δή; Σωσίας προσερεῖ τις τοῖσι συμπόταις, λέγων τί ταὐτὸν ἐν γῇ τʼ ἀπέβαλεν κἀν οὐρανῷ κἀν τῇ θαλάττῃ θηρίον τὴν ἀσπίδα; Ξανθίας οἴμοι τί δῆτά μοι κακὸν γενήσεται 25ἰδόντι τοιοῦτον ἐνύπνιον; Σωσίας μὴ φροντίσῃς. οὐδὲν γὰρ ἔσται δεινὸν οὐ μὰ τοὺς θεούς. Ξανθίας δεινόν γέ ποὔστʼ ἄνθρωπος ἀποβαλὼν ὅπλα. ἀτὰρ σὺ τὸ σὸν αὖ λέξον. Σωσίας ἀλλʼ ἐστὶν μέγα. περὶ τῆς πόλεως γάρ ἐστι τοῦ σκάφους ὅλου. Ξανθίας 30λέγε νυν ἀνύσας τι τὴν τρόπιν τοῦ πράγματος. Σωσίας ἔδοξέ μοι περὶ πρῶτον ὕπνον ἐν τῇ πυκνὶ ἐκκλησιάζειν πρόβατα συγκαθήμενα, βακτηρίας ἔχοντα καὶ τριβώνια· κἄπειτα τούτοις τοῖς προβάτοισι μοὐδόκει 35δημηγορεῖν φάλαινα πανδοκεύτρια, ἔχουσα φωνὴν ἐμπεπρησμένης ὑός. Ξανθίας αἰβοῖ. Σωσίας τί ἔστι; Ξανθίας παῦε παῦε, μὴ λέγε· ὄζει κάκιστον τοὐνύπνιον βύρσης σαπρᾶς. Σωσίας εἶθʼ ἡ μιαρὰ φάλαινʼ ἔχουσα τρυτάνην 40ἵστη βόειον δημόν.

XANTHIAS And then—Cleonymus fled off and dropped it.

SOSIAS Why then, Cleonymus is quite a riddle.

XANTHIAS How so?

SOSIAS A man will ask his boon companions, What is that brute which throws away its shield Alike in air, in ocean, in the field?”

XANTHIAS O what mishap awaits me, that have seen So strange a vision?

SOSIAS Take it not to heart, ’Twill be no harm, I swear it by the Gods.

XANTHIAS No harm to see a man throw off his shield! But now tell yours.

SOSIAS Ah, mine’s a big one, mine is; About the whole great vessel of the state.

XANTHIAS Tell us at once the keel of the affair.

SOSIAS ’Twas in my earliest sleep methought I saw A flock of sheep assembled in the Pnyx, Sitting close-packed, with little cloaks and staves; Then to these sheep I heard, or seemed to hear An all-receptive grampus holding forth In tone and accents like a scalded pig.

XANTHIAS Pheugh!

SOSIAS Eh?

XANTHIAS Stop, stop, don’t tell us any more. Your dream smells horribly of putrid hides.

SOSIAS Then the vile grampus, scales in hand, weighed out Bits of fat beef, cut up.

Ξανθίας 40bοἴμοι δείλαιος· τὸν δῆμον ἡμῶν βούλεται διιστάναι. Σωσίας ἐδόκει δέ μοι Θέωρος αὐτῆς πλησίον χαμαὶ καθῆσθαι τὴν κεφαλὴν κόρακος ἔχων. εἶτʼ Ἀλκιβιάδης εἶπε πρός με τραυλίσας, 45ὁλᾷς; Θέωλος τὴν κεφαλὴν κόλακος ἔχει. Ξανθίας ὀρθῶς γε τοῦτʼ Ἀλκιβιάδης ἐτραύλισεν. Σωσίας οὔκουν ἐκεῖνʼ ἀλλόκοτον, ὁ Θέωρος κόραξ γιγνόμενος; Ξανθίας ἥκιστʼ, ἀλλʼ ἄριστον. Σωσίας πῶς; Ξανθίας ὅπως; ἄνθρωπος ὢν εἶτʼ ἐγένετʼ ἐξαίφνης κόραξ· 50οὔκουν ἐναργὲς τοῦτο συμβαλεῖν, ὅτι ἀρθεὶς ἀφʼ ἡμῶν ἐς κόρακας οἰχήσεται; Σωσίας εἶτʼ οὐκ ἐγὼ δοὺς δύʼ ὀβολὼ μισθώσομαι οὕτως ὑποκρινόμενον σοφῶς ὀνείρατα; Ξανθίας φέρε νυν κατείπω τοῖς θεαταῖς τὸν λόγον, 55ὀλίγʼ ἄτθʼ ὑπειπὼν πρῶτον αὐτοῖσιν ταδί, μηδὲν παρʼ ἡμῶν προσδοκᾶν λίαν μέγα, μηδʼ αὖ γέλωτα Μεγαρόθεν κεκλεμμένον. ἡμῖν γὰρ οὐκ ἔστʼ οὔτε κάρυʼ ἐκ φορμίδος δούλω διαρριπτοῦντε τοῖς θεωμένοις, 60οὔθʼ Ἡρακλῆς τὸ δεῖπνον ἐξαπατώμενος, οὐδʼ αὖθις ἀνασελγαινόμενος Εὐριπίδης· οὐδʼ εἰ Κλέων γʼ ἔλαμψε τῆς τύχης χάριν, αὖθις τὸν αὐτὸν ἄνδρα μυττωτεύσομεν. ἀλλʼ ἔστιν ἡμῖν λογίδιον γνώμην ἔχον,

XANTHIAS Woe worth the day! He means to cut our city up in bits.

SOSIAS Methought beside him, on the ground, I saw Theorus seated, with a raven’s head. Then Alcibiades lisped out to me, Cwemark! Theocwus has a cwaven’s head.

XANTHIAS Well lisped! and rightly, Alcibiades!

SOSIAS But is this not ill-omened, that a man Turn to a crow?

XANTHIAS Nay, excellent.

SOSIAS How?

XANTHIAS How! Being a man he straight becomes a crow: Is it not obvious to conjecture that He’s going to leave us, going to the crows?

SOSIAS Shall I not pay two obols then, and hire One who so cleverly interprets dreams?

XANTHIAS Come, let me tell the story to the audience With just these few remarks, by way of preface. Expect not from us something mighty grand, Nor yet some mirth purloined from Megara.” We have no brace of servants here, to scatter Nuts from their basket out among the audience, No Heracles defrauded of his supper, Nor yet Euripides besmirched again; No, nor though Cleon shine, by fortune’s favour, Will we to mincemeat chop the man again. Ours is a little tale, with meaning in it,

Ξανθίας 65ὑμῶν μὲν αὐτῶν οὐχὶ δεξιώτερον, κωμῳδίας δὲ φορτικῆς σοφώτερον. ἔστιν γὰρ ἡμῖν δεσπότης ἐκεινοσὶ ἅνω καθεύδων, ὁ μέγας, οὑπὶ τοῦ τέγους. οὗτος φυλάττειν τὸν πατέρʼ ἐπέταξε νῷν, 70ἔνδον καθείρξας, ἵνα θύραζε μὴ ʼξίῃ. νόσον γὰρ ὁ πατὴρ ἀλλόκοτον αὐτοῦ νοσεῖ, ἣν οὐδʼ ἂν εἷς γνοίη ποτʼ οὐδʼ ἂν ξυμβάλοι εἰ μὴ πύθοιθʼ ἡμῶν· ἐπεὶ τοπάζετε. Ἀμυνίας μὲν ὁ Προνάπους φήσʼ οὑτοσὶ 75εἶναι φιλόκυβον αὐτόν· ἀλλʼ οὐδὲν λέγει. Σωσίας μὰ Δίʼ, ἀλλʼ ἀφʼ αὑτοῦ τὴν νόσον τεκμαίρεται. Ξανθίας οὔκ, ἀλλὰ φιλο μέν ἐστιν ἀρχὴ τοῦ κακοῦ. ὁδὶ δέ φησι Σωσίας πρὸς Δερκύλον εἶναι φιλοπότην αὐτόν. Σωσίας οὐδαμῶς γʼ, ἐπεὶ 80αὕτη γε χρηστῶν ἐστιν ἀνδρῶν ἡ νόσος. Ξανθίας Νικόστρατος δʼ αὖ φησιν ὁ Σκαμβωνίδης εἶναι φιλοθύτην αὐτὸν ἢ φιλόξενον. Σωσίας μὰ τὸν κύνʼ ὦ Νικόστρατʼ οὐ φιλόξενος, ἐπεὶ καταπύγων ἐστὶν ὅ γε Φιλόξενος. Ξανθίας 85ἄλλως φλυαρεῖτʼ· οὐ γὰρ ἐξευρήσετε. εἰ δὴ ʼπιθυμεῖτʼ εἰδέναι, σιγᾶτε νῦν. φράσω γὰρ ἤδη τὴν νόσον τοῦ δεσπότου. φιληλιαστής ἐστιν ὡς οὐδεὶς ἀνήρ, ἐρᾷ τε τούτου, τοῦ δικάζειν, καὶ στένει 90ἢν μὴ ʼπὶ τοῦ πρώτου καθίζηται ξύλου. ὕπνου δʼ ὁρᾷ τῆς νυκτὸς οὐδὲ πασπάλην. ἢν δʼ οὖν καταμύσῃ κἂν ἄχνην, ὅμως ἐκεῖ ὁ νοῦς πέτεται τὴν νύκτα περὶ τὴν κλεψύδραν. ὑπὸ τοῦ δὲ τὴν ψῆφόν γʼ ἔχειν εἰωθέναι

XANTHIAS Not too refined and exquisite for you, Yet wittier far than vulgar comedy. You see that great big man, the man asleep Up on the roof, aloft: well, that’s our master, He keeps his father here, shut up within, And bids us guard him that he stir not out. For he, the father, has a strange disease, Which none of you will know, or yet conjecture, Unless we tell: else, if you think so, guess. Amynias there, the son of Pronapes, Says he’s a dice-lover: but he’s quite out.

SOSIAS Ah, he conjectures from his own disease.

XANTHIAS Nay, but the word does really end with -lover. Then Sosias here observes to Dercylus, That ’tis a DRINK-lover.

SOSIAS Confound it, no? That’s the disease of honest gentlemen.

XANTHIAS Then next, Nicostratus of Secambon says, It is a sacrifice- or stranger-lover.

SOSIAS What, like Philoxenus? No, by the dog, Not quite so lewd, Nicostratus, as that.

XANTHIAS Come, you waste words: you’ll never find it out, So all keep silence if you want to know. I’ll tell you the disease old master has. He is a LAWCOURT-lover, no man like him. Judging is what he dotes on, and he weeps Unless he sit on the front bench of all. At night he gets no sleep, no, not one grain, Or if he doze the tiniest speck, his soul Flutters in dreams around the water-clock. So used he is to holding votes, he wakes

XANTHIAS

95τοὺς τρεῖς ξυνέχων τῶν δακτύλων ἀνίσταται, ὥσπερ λιβανωτὸν ἐπιτιθεὶς νουμηνίᾳ. καὶ νὴ Δίʼ ἢν ἴδῃ γέ που γεγραμμένον υἱὸν Πυριλάμπους ἐν θύρᾳ Δῆμον καλόν, ἰὼν παρέγραψε πλησίον κημὸς καλός. 100τὸν ἀλεκτρυόνα δʼ, ὃς ᾖδʼ ἀφʼ ἑσπέρας, ἔφη ὄψʼ ἐξεγείρειν αὐτὸν ἀναπεπεισμένον, παρὰ τῶν ὑπευθύνων ἔχοντα χρήματα. εὐθὺς δʼ ἀπὸ δορπηστοῦ κέκραγεν ἐμβάδας, κἄπειτʼ ἐκεῖσʼ ἐλθὼν προκαθεύδει πρῲ πάνυ, 105ὥσπερ λεπὰς προσεχόμενος τῷ κίονι. ὑπὸ δυσκολίας δʼ ἅπασι τιμῶν τὴν μακρὰν ὥσπερ μέλιττʼ ἢ βομβυλιὸς εἰσέρχεται ὑπὸ τοῖς ὄνυξι κηρὸν ἀναπεπλασμένος. ψήφων δὲ δείσας μὴ δεηθείη ποτέ, 110ἵνʼ ἔχοι δικάζειν, αἰγιαλὸν ἔνδον τρέφει. τοιαῦτʼ ἀλύει· νουθετούμενος δʼ ἀεὶ μᾶλλον δικάζει. τοῦτον οὖν φυλάττομεν μοχλοῖσιν ἐνδήσαντες, ὡς ἂν μὴ ʼξίῃ. ὁ γὰρ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ τὴν νόσον βαρέως φέρει. 115καὶ πρῶτα μὲν λόγοισι παραμυθούμενος ἀνέπειθεν αὐτὸν μὴ φορεῖν τριβώνιον μηδʼ ἐξιέναι θύραζʼ, ὁ δʼ οὐκ ἐπείθετο. εἶτʼ αὐτὸν ἀπέλου κἀκάθαιρʼ, ὁ δʼ οὐ μάλα. μετὰ τοῦτʼ ἐκορυβάντιζʼ, ὁ δʼ αὐτῷ τυμπάνῳ 120ᾄξας ἐδίκαζεν ἐς τὸ καινὸν ἐμπεσών. ὅτε δῆτα ταύταις ταῖς τελεταῖς οὐκ ὠφέλει, διέπλευσεν εἰς Αἴγιναν, εἶτα ξυλλαβὼν

With thumb and first two fingers closed, as one That offers incense on a new moon’s day, If on a gate is written Lovely Demus, Meaning the son of Pyrilamp, he goes And writes beside it Lovely Verdict-box. The cock which crew from eventide, he said, Was tampered with, he knew, to call him late, Bribed by officials whose accounts were due. Supper scarce done, he clamours for his shoes, Hurries ere daybreak to the Court, and sleeps Stuck like a limpet to the doorpost there. So sour he is, the long condemning line He marks for all, then homeward like a bee Laden with wax beneath his finger-nails. Lest he lack votes, he keeps, to judge withal, A private pebble-beach secure within. Such is his frenzy, and the more you chide him The more he judges: so with bolts and bars We guard him straitly that he stir not out. For ill the young man brooks his sire’s disease. And first he tried by soft emollient words To win him over, not to don the cloak Or walk abroad: but never a jot he yielded. He washed and purged him then: but never a jot. A Corybant next he made him, but old master, Timbrel and all, into the New Court bursts And there sits judging. So when these rites failed, We cross the Strait, and, in Aegina, place him,

XANTHIAS

123νύκτωρ κατέκλινεν αὐτὸν εἰς Ἀσκληπιοῦ, ὁ δʼ ἀνεφάνη κνεφαῖος ἐπὶ τῇ κιγκλίδι. 125ἐντεῦθεν οὐκέτʼ αὐτὸν ἐξεφρίεμεν, ὁ δʼ ἐξεδίδρασκε διά τε τῶν ὑδρορροῶν καὶ τῶν ὀπῶν· ἡμεῖς δʼ ὅσʼ ἦν τετρημένα ἐνεβύσαμεν ῥακίοισι κἀπακτώσαμεν, ὁ δʼ ὡσπερεὶ κολοιὸς αὑτῷ παττάλους 130ἐνέκρουεν ἐς τὸν τοῖχον, εἶτʼ ἐξήλλετο. ἡμεῖς δὲ τὴν αὐλὴν ἅπασαν δικτύοις καταπετάσαντες ἐν κύκλῳ φυλάττομεν. ἔστιν δʼ ὄνομα τῷ μὲν γέροντι Φιλοκλέων ναὶ μὰ Δία, τῷ δʼ υἱεῖ γε τῳδὶ Βδελυκλέων, 135ἔχων τρόπους φρυαγμοσεμνάκους τίνας.

To sleep the night inside Asclepius’ temple: Lo! with the dawn he stands at the Court rails! Then, after that, we let him out no more. But he! he dodged along the pipes and gutters, And so made off: we block up every cranny, Stopping and stuffing them with clouts of rag: Quick he drove pegs into the wall, and clambered Up like an old jackdaw, and so hopped out. Now then, we compass all the house with nets, Spreading them round, and mew him safe within. Well, sirs, Philocleon is the old man’s name; Ay truly; and the son’s, Bdelycleon; A wondrous high-and-mighty mannered man.

English translation by Benjamin Bickley Rogers (1924). Original text: Greek text: F. W. Hall and W. M. Geldart (eds.), Aristophanis Comoediae, Oxford Classical Texts, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906-1907, as digitised by Perseus. English: Benjamin Bickley Rogers, Aristophanes, vol. I, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, and New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1924.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, Greek: CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain (Rogers). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.