Aeschylus · Prometheus Bound Προμηθεὺς δεσμώτης

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 687–785: Second episode (cont.): the wanderings of Io (1)

The Chorus is shocked by the tale, and Prometheus tells Io the course of her wanderings: east across the plains of the Scythians, past the Chalybes, to the Caucasus, to the Amazons and the Cimmerian strait. Io asks why she should not kill herself, and Prometheus tells her that he is tormented without hope of dying, and that Zeus himself will be thrown from his sovereignty by a marriage that he will make, a secret that he refuses to disclose. He offers Io the choice of hearing the rest of her wanderings or the name of his deliverer.

Lines 687–785 · 962 words · click a number to copy its link

Chorus

687ἔα ἔα, ἄπεχε, φεῦ· οὔποτʼ οὔποτʼ ηὔχουν ὧδε ξένους μολεῖσθαι λόγους εἰς ἀκοὰν ἐμάν, 690οὐδʼ ὧδε δυσθέατα καὶ δύσοιστα πήματα, λύματα, ἀμ- φάκει κέντρῳ τύψειν ψυχὰν ἐμάν. ἰὼ μοῖρα μοῖρα, 695πέφρικʼ εἰσιδοῦσα πρᾶξιν Ἰοῦς.

Oh, ah, go away, alas! Never, oh never, did I dream that words so strange would greet my ears; or that sufferings so grievous to look upon, yes, and so grievous to endure, a tale of outrage, would strike my soul as if with double-pronged goad. Alas, O Fate, O Fate, I shudder to behold the plight that has befallen Io.

Προμηθεύς 696πρῴ γε στενάζεις καὶ φόβου πλέα τις εἶ· ἐπίσχες ἔστʼ ἂν καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ προσμάθῃς. Χορός λέγʼ, ἐκδίδασκε· τοῖς νοσοῦσί τοι γλυκὺ τὸ λοιπὸν ἄλγος προυξεπίστασθαι τορῶς. Προμηθεύς 700τὴν πρίν γε χρείαν ἠνύσασθʼ ἐμοῦ πάρα κούφως· μαθεῖν γὰρ τῆσδε πρῶτʼ ἐχρῄζετε τὸν ἀμφʼ ἑαυτῆς ἆθλον ἐξηγουμένης· τὰ λοιπὰ νῦν ἀκούσαθʼ, οἷα χρὴ πάθη τλῆναι πρὸς Ἥρας τήνδε τὴν νεάνιδα. 705σύ τʼ Ἰνάχειον σπέρμα, τοὺς ἐμοὺς λόγους θυμῷ βάλʼ, ὡς ἂν τέρματʼ ἐκμάθῃς ὁδοῦ. πρῶτον μὲν ἐνθένδʼ ἡλίου πρὸς ἀντολὰς στρέψασα σαυτὴν στεῖχʼ ἀνηρότους γύας· Σκύθας δʼ ἀφίξῃ νομάδας, οἳ πλεκτὰς στέγας 710πεδάρσιοι ναίουσʼ ἐπʼ εὐκύκλοις ὄχοις ἑκηβόλοις τόξοισιν ἐξηρτυμένοι· οἷς μὴ πελάζειν, ἀλλʼ ἁλιστόνοις πόδας χρίμπτουσα ῥαχίαισιν ἐκπερᾶν χθόνα. λαιᾶς δὲ χειρὸς οἱ σιδηροτέκτονες 715οἰκοῦσι Χάλυβες, οὓς φυλάξασθαί σε χρή. ἀνήμεροι γὰρ οὐδὲ πρόσπλατοι ξένοις. ἥξεις δʼ Ὑβριστὴν ποταμὸν οὐ ψευδώνυμον, ὃν μὴ περάσῃς, οὐ γὰρ εὔβατος περᾶν, πρὶν ἂν πρὸς αὐτὸν Καύκασον μόλῃς, ὀρῶν 720ὕψιστον, ἔνθα ποταμὸς ἐκφυσᾷ μένος κροτάφων ἀπʼ αὐτῶν. ἀστρογείτονας δὲ χρὴ κορυφὰς ὑπερβάλλουσαν ἐς μεσημβρινὴν βῆναι κέλευθον, ἔνθʼ, Ἀμαζόνων στρατὸν ἥξεις στυγάνορʼ, αἳ Θεμίσκυράν ποτε 725κατοικιοῦσιν ἀμφὶ Θερμώδονθʼ, ἵνα τραχεῖα πόντου Σαλμυδησσία γνάθος ἐχθρόξενος ναύταισι, μητρυιὰ νεῶν· αὗταί σʼ ὁδηγήσουσι καὶ μάλʼ ἀσμένως. ἰσθμὸν δʼ ἐπʼ αὐταῖς στενοπόροις λίμνης πύλαις 730Κιμμερικὸν ἥξεις, ὃν θρασυσπλάγχνως σε χρὴ λιποῦσαν αὐλῶνʼ ἐκπερᾶν Μαιωτικόν· ἔσται δὲ θνητοῖς εἰσαεὶ λόγος μέγας τῆς σῆς πορείας, Βόσπορος δʼ ἐπώνυμος κεκλήσεται. λιποῦσα δʼ Εὐρώπης πέδον 735ἤπειρον ἥξεις Ἀσιάδʼ·. ἆρʼ, ὑμῖν δοκεῖ ὁ τῶν θεῶν τύραννος ἐς τὰ πάνθʼ ὁμῶς βίαιος εἶναι; τῇδε γὰρ θνητῇ θεὸς χρῄζων μιγῆναι τάσδʼ ἐπέρριψεν πλάνας. πικροῦ δʼ ἔκυρσας, ὦ κόρη, τῶν σῶν γάμων 740μνηστῆρος. οὓς γὰρ νῦν ἀκήκοας λόγους, εἶναι δόκει σοι μηδέπω ʼν προοιμίοις.

Prometheus You lament and are full of fear all too soon. Wait until you have learned the rest as well.

Chorus Proceed, tell all. It is comforting for the sick to know clearly beforehand what pain still awaits them.

Prometheus You gained your former request easily from me; for you first desired the story of her ordeal from her own lips. Hear now the sequel, the sufferings this maid is fated to endure at Hera’s hand. And may you, daughter of Inachus, lay to heart my words so that you may learn the end of your wanderings. First, from this spot, turn yourself toward the rising sun and make your way over untilled plains; and you shall reach the Scythian nomads, who dwell in thatched houses, perched aloft on strong-wheeled wagons and are equipped with far-darting bows. Do not approach them, but keeping your feet near the rugged shore, where the sea breaks with a roar, pass on beyond their land. On the left hand dwell the workers in iron, the Chalybes, and you must beware of them, since they are savage and are not to be approached by strangers. Then you shall reach the river Hybristes, which does not belie its name. Do not cross this, for it is hard to cross, until you come to Caucasus itself, loftiest of mountains, where from its very brows the river pours out its might in fury. You must pass over its crests, which neighbor the stars, and enter upon a southward course, where you shall reach the host of the Amazons, who loathe all men. They shall in time to come inhabit Themiscyra on the Thermodon, where, fronting the sea, is Salmydessus’ rugged jaw, evil host of mariners, step-mother of ships. The Amazons will gladly guide you on your way. Next, just at the narrow portals of the harbor, you shall reach the Cimmerian isthmus. This you must leave with stout heart and pass through the channel of Maeotis; and ever after among mankind there shall be great mention of your passing, and it shall be called after you the Bosporus. Then, leaving the soil of Europe, you shall come to the Asian continent. Does it not seem to you that the tyrant of the gods is violent in all his ways? For this god, desirous of union with this mortal maid, has imposed upon her these wanderings. Maiden, you have gained a cruel suitor for your hand. As to the tale you now have heard— understand that it has not even passed the introduction.

Ἰώ 742ἰώ μοί μοι, ἒ ἔ. Προμηθεύς σὺ δʼ αὖ κέκραγας κἀναμυχθίζῃ; τί που δράσεις, ὅταν τὰ λοιπὰ πυνθάνῃ κακά; Χορός 745ἦ γάρ τι λοιπὸν τῇδε πημάτων ἐρεῖς; Προμηθεύς δυσχείμερόν γε πέλαγος ἀτηρᾶς δύης. Ἰώ τί δῆτʼ ἐμοὶ ζῆν κέρδος, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐν τάχει ἔρριψʼ ἐμαυτὴν τῆσδʼ ἀπὸ στύφλου πέτρας, ὅπως πέδοι σκήψασα τῶν πάντων πόνων 750ἀπηλλάγην; κρεῖσσον γὰρ εἰσάπαξ θανεῖν ἢ τὰς ἁπάσας ἡμέρας πάσχειν κακῶς. Προμηθεύς ἦ δυσπετῶς ἂν τοὺς ἐμοὺς ἄθλους φέροις, ὅτῳ θανεῖν μέν ἐστιν οὐ πεπρωμένον· αὕτη γὰρ ἦν ἂν πημάτων ἀπαλλαγή· 755νῦν δʼ οὐδέν ἐστι τέρμα μοι προκείμενον μόχθων, πρὶν ἂν Ζεὺς ἐκπέσῃ τυραννίδος. Ἰώ ἦ γάρ ποτʼ ἔστιν ἐκπεσεῖν ἀρχῆς Δία; Προμηθεύς ἥδοιʼ ἄν, οἶμαι, τήνδʼ ἰδοῦσα συμφοράν. Ἰώ πῶς δʼ οὐκ ἄν, ἥτις ἐκ Διὸς πάσχω κακῶς; Προμηθεύς 760ὡς τοίνυν ὄντων τῶνδέ σοι μαθεῖν πάρα. Ἰώ πρὸς τοῦ τύραννα σκῆπτρα συληθήσεται; Προμηθεύς πρὸς αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ κενοφρόνων βουλευμάτων. Ἰώ ποίῳ τρόπῳ; σήμηνον, εἰ μή τις βλάβη. Προμηθεύς γαμεῖ γάμον τοιοῦτον ᾧ ποτʼ ἀσχαλᾷ. Ἰώ 765θέορτον, ἢ βρότειον; εἰ ῥητόν, φράσον. Προμηθεύς τί δʼ ὅντινʼ·; οὐ γὰρ ῥητὸν αὐδᾶσθαι τόδε. Ἰώ ἦ πρὸς δάμαρτος ἐξανίσταται θρόνων; Προμηθεύς ἣ τέξεταί γε παῖδα φέρτερον πατρός. Ἰώ οὐδʼ ἔστιν αὐτῷ τῆσδʼ ἀποστροφὴ τύχης; Προμηθεύς 770οὐ δῆτα, πλὴν ἔγωγʼ ἂν ἐκ δεσμῶν λυθείς. Ἰώ τίς οὖν ὁ λύσων ἐστὶν ἄκοντος Διός; Προμηθεύς τῶν σῶν τινʼ αὐτὸν ἐγγόνων εἶναι χρεών. Ἰώ πῶς εἶπας; ἦ ʼμὸς παῖς σʼ ἀπαλλάξει κακῶν; Προμηθεύς τρίτος γε γένναν πρὸς δέκʼ ἄλλαισιν γοναῖς. Ἰώ 775ἥδʼ οὐκέτʼ εὐξύμβλητος ἡ χρησμῳδία. Προμηθεύς καὶ μηδὲ σαυτῆς ἐκμαθεῖν ζήτει πόνους. Ἰώ μή μοι προτείνων κέρδος εἶτʼ ἀποστέρει. Προμηθεύς δυοῖν λόγοιν σε θατέρῳ δωρήσομαι. Ἰώ ποίοιν; πρόδειξον, αἵρεσίν τʼ ἐμοὶ δίδου.

Io Ah me, ah me, alas!

Prometheus What! You are crying and groaning again? What will you do, I wonder, when you have learned the sufferings still in store for you?

Chorus What! Can it be that you have sufferings still left to recount to her?

Prometheus Yes, a tempestuous sea of calamitous distress.

Io What gain have I then in life? Why did I not hurl myself straightaway from this rugged rock, so that I was dashed to earth and freed from all my sufferings? It is better to die once and for all than linger out all my days in misery.

Prometheus Ah, you would hardly bear my agonies to whom it is not foredoomed to die; for death would have freed me from my sufferings. But now no limit to my tribulations has been appointed until Zeus is hurled from his sovereignty.

Io What! Shall Zeus one day be hurled from his dominion?

Prometheus You would rejoice, I think, to see that happen.

Io Why not, since it is at the hand of Zeus that I suffer?

Prometheus Then you may assure yourself that these things are true.

Io By whom shall he be despoiled of the sceptre of his sovereignty?

Prometheus By himself and his own empty-headed purposes.

Io In what way? Oh tell me, if there be no harm in telling.

Prometheus He shall make a marriage that shall one day cause him distress.

Io With a divinity or with a mortal? If it may be told, speak out.

Prometheus Why ask with whom? I may not speak of this.

Io Is it by his consort that he shall be dethroned?

Prometheus Yes, since she shall bear a son mightier than his father.

Io And has he no means to avert this doom?

Prometheus No, none—except me, if I were released from bondage.

Io Who then is to release you against the will of Zeus?

Prometheus It is to be one of your own grandchildren.

Io What did you say? A child of mine will release you from your misery?

Prometheus The third in descent after ten generations.

Io Your prophecy is not easy to understand.

Prometheus Yes, so do not seek to learn the full extent of your own sufferings.

Io Do not offer me a favor and then withdraw it.

Prometheus I will present you with one or other of two tales.

Io Which two? Set them forth and offer me the choice.

Προμηθεύς 780δίδωμʼ· ἑλοῦ γάρ, ἢ πόνων τὰ λοιπά σοι φράσω σαφηνῶς, ἢ τὸν ἐκλύσοντʼ ἐμέ. Χορός τούτων σὺ τὴν μὲν τῇδε, τὴν δʼ ἐμοὶ χάριν θέσθαι θέλησον, μηδʼ ἀτιμάσῃς λόγου· καὶ τῇδε μὲν γέγωνε τὴν λοιπὴν πλάνην, 785ἐμοὶ δὲ τὸν λύσοντα· τοῦτο γὰρ ποθῶ.

Prometheus I am making the offer: choose whether I shall reveal the sufferings still in store for you or the one who will be my deliverer.

Chorus Consent to bestow on her one of these favors, and on me the other; do not deny me the tale. Tell her about her further wanderings; tell me who will deliver you—for I would like to know this.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Herbert Weir Smyth (modernised by Perseus) (1922). Original text: Greek text: Herbert Weir Smyth (ed. and trans.), Aeschylus, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1922, as digitised by Perseus. English: Herbert Weir Smyth, Aeschylus, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1922 (Perseus's modernised version of Smyth's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.