Aeschylus · Prometheus Bound Προμηθεὺς δεσμώτης

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 279–398: First episode (cont.): Oceanus offers to intercede

Oceanus arrives on a winged creature and offers to plead with Zeus for Prometheus. He advises him to know himself, to change his ways and not to speak so defiantly against the new ruler. Prometheus refuses, tells of the punishment of Atlas and of Typhon, says that Oceanus might suffer himself if he tried, and tells him to go home. Oceanus leaves.

Lines 279–398 · 1086 words · click a number to copy its link
Χορός 279οὐκ ἀκούσαις ἐπεθώυξας 280τοῦτο, Προμηθεῦ. καὶ νῦν ἐλαφρῷ ποδὶ κραιπνόσυτον θᾶκον προλιποῦσʼ, αἰθέρα θʼ ἁγνὸν πόρον οἰωνῶν, ὀκριοέσσῃ χθονὶ τῇδε πελῶ, τοὺς σοὺς δὲ πόνους 285χρῄζω διὰ παντὸς ἀκοῦσαι. Ὠκεανός ἥκω δολιχῆς τέρμα κελεύθου διαμειψάμενος πρὸς σέ, Προμηθεῦ, τὸν πτερυγωκῆ τόνδʼ οἰωνὸν γνώμῃ στομίων ἄτερ εὐθύνων· 290ταῖς σαῖς δὲ τύχαις, ἴσθι, συναλγῶ. τὸ τε γάρ με, δοκῶ, συγγενὲς οὕτως ἐσαναγκάζει, χωρίς τε γένους οὐκ ἔστιν ὅτῳ μείζονα μοῖραν νείμαιμʼ ἢ σοί. 295γνώσῃ δὲ τάδʼ ὡς ἔτυμʼ, οὐδὲ μάτην χαριτογλωσσεῖν ἔνι μοι· φέρε γὰρ σήμαινʼ ὅ τι χρή σοι συμπράσσειν· οὐ γάρ ποτʼ ἐρεῖς ὡς Ὠκεανοῦ φίλος ἐστὶ βεβαιότερός σοι.

Chorus Not to unwilling ears have you made this appeal, Prometheus. And so now with light foot I will quit my swift-speeding seat and the pure air, the pathway of birds and draw near to this rugged ground; for I want to hear the whole story of your sorrows.

Oceanus I have come to the end of a long journey in my passage to you, Prometheus, guiding by my own will, without a bridle, this swift-winged bird. For your fate, you may be sure, I feel compassion. Kinship, I think, constrains me to this; and, apart from blood ties, there is none to whom I should pay greater respect than to you. You shall know this for simple truth and that it is not in me to utter vain and empty words; come, tell me; what aid can I render you? For you shall never say that you have a friend more loyal than Oceanus.

Προμηθεύς 300ἔα· τί χρῆμα λεύσσω; καὶ σὺ δὴ πόνων ἐμῶν ἥκεις ἐπόπτης; πῶς ἐτόλμησας, λιπὼν ἐπώνυμόν τε ῥεῦμα καὶ πετρηρεφῆ αὐτόκτιτʼ ἄντρα, τὴν σιδηρομήτορα ἐλθεῖν ἐς αἶαν; ἦ θεωρήσων τύχας 305ἐμὰς ἀφῖξαι καὶ συνασχαλῶν κακοῖς; δέρκου θέαμα, τόνδε τὸν Διὸς φίλον, τὸν συγκαταστήσαντα τὴν τυραννίδα, οἵαις ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ πημοναῖσι κάμπτομαι. Ὠκεανός ὁρῶ, Προμηθεῦ, καὶ παραινέσαι γέ σοι 310θέλω τὰ λῷστα, καίπερ ὄντι ποικίλῳ. γίγνωσκε σαυτὸν καὶ μεθάρμοσαι τρόπους νέους· νέος γὰρ καὶ τύραννος ἐν θεοῖς. εἰ δʼ ὧδε τραχεῖς καὶ τεθηγμένους λόγους ῥίψεις, τάχʼ ἄν σου καὶ μακρὰν ἀνωτέρω 315θακῶν κλύοι Ζεύς, ὥστε σοι τὸν νῦν ὄχλον παρόντα μόχθων παιδιὰν εἶναι δοκεῖν. ἀλλʼ, ὦ ταλαίπωρʼ, ἃς ἔχεις ὀργὰς ἄφες, ζήτει δὲ τῶνδε πημάτων ἀπαλλαγάς. ἀρχαῖʼ ἴσως σοι φαίνομαι λέγειν τάδε· 320τοιαῦτα μέντοι τῆς ἄγαν ὑψηγόρου γλώσσης, Προμηθεῦ, τἀπίχειρα γίγνεται. σὺ δʼ οὐδέπω ταπεινὸς οὐδʼ εἴκεις κακοῖς, πρὸς τοῖς παροῦσι δʼ ἄλλα προσλαβεῖν θέλεις. οὔκουν ἔμοιγε χρώμενος διδασκάλῳ 325πρὸς κέντρα κῶλον ἐκτενεῖς, ὁρῶν ὅτι τραχὺς μόναρχος οὐδʼ ὑπεύθυνος κρατεῖ. καὶ νῦν ἐγὼ μὲν εἶμι καὶ πειράσομαι ἐὰν δύνωμαι τῶνδέ σʼ ἐκλῦσαι πόνων. σὺ δʼ ἡσύχαζε μηδʼ ἄγαν λαβροστόμει. 330ἢ οὐκ οἶσθʼ ἀκριβῶς ὢν περισσόφρων ὅτι γλώσσῃ ματαίᾳ ζημία προστρίβεται;

Prometheus Ha! What have we here? So then you too have come to stare upon my sufferings? How did you summon courage to quit the stream that bears your name and the rock-roofed caves you yourself have made and come to this land, the mother of iron? Is it that you have come to gaze upon my state and join your grief to my distress? Look upon me here—a spectacle, the friend of Zeus, who helped him to establish his sovereign power, by what anguish I am bent by him!

Oceanus I see, Prometheus; and I want to give you the best advice, although you yourself are wily. Learn to know yourself and adapt yourself to new ways; for new also is the ruler among the gods. If you hurl forth words so harsh and of such whetted edge, perhaps Zeus may hear you, though throned far off, high in the heavens, and then your present multitude of sorrows shall seem but childish sport. Oh wretched sufferer! Put away your wrathful mood and try to find release from these miseries. Perhaps this advice may seem to you old and dull; but your plight, Prometheus, is only the wages of too boastful speech. You still have not learned humility, nor do you bend before misfortune, but would rather add even more miseries to those you have. Therefore take me as your teacher and do not add insult to injury, seeing that a harsh monarch now rules who is accountable to no one. So now I will depart and see whether I can release you from these sufferings. And may you hold your peace and be not too blustering of speech. Or, can it be that for all your exceeding wisdom, you do not know that chastisement is inflicted on a wagging tongue?

Προμηθεύς 332ζηλῶ σʼ ὁθούνεκʼ ἐκτὸς αἰτίας κυρεῖς τούτων μετασχεῖν καὶ τετολμηκὼς ἐμοί. καὶ νῦν ἔασον μηδέ σοι μελησάτω. 335πάντως γὰρ οὐ πείσεις νιν· οὐ γὰρ εὐπιθής. πάπταινε δʼ αὐτὸς μή τι πημανθῇς ὁδῷ. Ὠκεανός πολλῷ γʼ ἀμείνων τοὺς πέλας φρενοῦν ἔφυς ἢ σαυτόν· ἔργῳ κοὐ λόγῳ τεκμαίρομαι. 340ὁρμώμενον δὲ μηδαμῶς ἀντισπάσῃς. αὐχῶ γὰρ αὐχῶ τήνδε δωρεὰν ἐμοὶ δώσειν Δίʼ, ὥστε τῶνδέ σʼ ἐκλῦσαι πόνων.

Prometheus I envy you because you have escaped blame for having dared to share with me in my troubles. So now leave me alone and let it not concern you. Do what you want, you cannot persuade him; for he is not easy to persuade. Beware that you do not do yourself harm by the mission you take.

Oceanus In truth, you are far better able to admonish others than yourself. It is by fact, not by hearsay, that I judge. So do not hold back one who is eager to go. For I am confident, yes, confident, that Zeus will grant me this favor, to free you from your sufferings.

Prometheus

343τὰ μὲν σʼ ἐπαινῶ κοὐδαμῇ λήξω ποτέ· προθυμίας γὰρ οὐδὲν ἐλλείπεις. ἀτὰρ μηδὲν πόνει. μάτην γὰρ οὐδὲν ὠφελῶν 345ἐμοὶ πονήσεις, εἴ τι καὶ πονεῖν θέλεις. ἀλλʼ ἡσύχαζε σαυτὸν ἐκποδὼν ἔχων· ἐγὼ γὰρ οὐκ, εἰ δυστυχῶ, τοῦδʼ εἵνεκα θέλοιμʼ ἂν ὡς πλείστοισι πημονὰς τυχεῖν. οὐ δῆτʼ ἐπεί με καὶ κασιγνήτου τύχαι 350τείρουσʼ Ἄτλαντος, ὃς πρὸς ἑσπέρους τόπους ἕστηκε κίονʼ οὐρανοῦ τε καὶ χθονὸς ὤμοις ἐρείδων, ἄχθος οὐκ εὐάγκαλον. τὸν γηγενῆ τε Κιλικίων οἰκήτορα ἄντρων ἰδὼν ᾤκτιρα, δάιον τέρας 355ἑκατογκάρανον πρὸς βίαν χειρούμενον Τυφῶνα θοῦρον· πᾶσιν ἀντέστη θεοῖς, σμερδναῖσι γαμφηλαῖσι συρίζων φόβον· ἐξ ὀμμάτων δʼ ἤστραπτε γοργωπὸν σέλας, ὡς τὴν Διὸς τυραννίδʼ ἐκπέρσων βίᾳ· 360ἀλλʼ ἦλθεν αὐτῷ Ζηνὸς ἄγρυπνον βέλος, καταιβάτης κεραυνὸς ἐκπνέων φλόγα, ὃς αὐτὸν ἐξέπληξε τῶν ὑψηγόρων κομπασμάτων. φρένας γὰρ εἰς αὐτὰς τυπεὶς ἐφεψαλώθη κἀξεβροντήθη σθένος. 365καὶ νῦν ἀχρεῖον καὶ παράορον δέμας κεῖται στενωποῦ πλησίον θαλασσίου ἰπούμενος ῥίζαισιν Αἰτναίαις ὕπο· κορυφαῖς δʼ ἐν ἄκραις ἥμενος μυδροκτυπεῖ Ἥφαιστος· ἔνθεν ἐκραγήσονταί ποτε 370ποταμοὶ πυρὸς δάπτοντες ἀγρίαις γνάθοις τῆς καλλικάρπου Σικελίας λευροὺς γύας· τοιόνδε Τυφὼς ἐξαναζέσει χόλον θερμοῖς ἀπλάτου βέλεσι πυρπνόου ζάλης, καίπερ κεραυνῷ Ζηνὸς ἠνθρακωμένος. 375σὺ δʼ οὐκ ἄπειρος, οὐδʼ ἐμοῦ διδασκάλου χρῄζεις· σεαυτὸν σῷζʼ ὅπως ἐπίστασαι· ἐγὼ δὲ τὴν παροῦσαν ἀντλήσω τύχην, ἔστʼ ἂν Διὸς φρόνημα λωφήσῃ χόλου.

I thank you for all this and shall never cease to thank you; in zeal you lack nothing, but do not trouble yourself; for your trouble will be vain and not helpful to me—if indeed you want to take the pain. No, keep quiet and keep yourself clear of harm. For even if I am in sore plight, I would not wish affliction on everyone else. No, certainly, no! since, besides, I am distressed by the fate of my brother Atlas, who, towards the west, stands bearing on his shoulders the pillar of heaven and earth, a burden not easy for his arms to grasp. Pity moved me, too, at the sight of the earth-born dweller of the Cilician caves curbed by violence, that destructive monster of a hundred heads, impetuous Typhon. He withstood all the gods, hissing out terror with horrid jaws, while from his eyes lightened a hideous glare, as though he would storm by force the sovereignty of Zeus. But the unsleeping bolt of Zeus came upon him, the swooping lightning brand with breath of flame, which struck him, frightened, from his loud-mouthed boasts; then, stricken to the very heart, he was burnt to ashes and his strength blasted from him by the lightning bolt. And now, a helpless and a sprawling bulk, he lies hard by the narrows of the sea, pressed down beneath the roots of Aetna; while on the topmost summit Hephaestus sits and hammers the molten ore. There, one day, shall burst forth rivers of fire, with savage jaws devouring the level fields of Sicily, land of fair fruit—such boiling rage shall Typho, although charred by the blazing lightning of Zeus, send spouting forth with hot jets of appalling, fire-breathing surge. But you are not inexperienced, and do not need me to teach you. Save yourself, as you know best; while I exhaust my present lot until the time comes when the mind of Zeus shall abandon its wrath.

Ὠκεανός 379οὔκουν, Προμηθεῦ, τοῦτο γιγνώσκεις, ὅτι 380ὀργῆς νοσούσης εἰσὶν ἰατροὶ λόγοι; Προμηθεύς ἐάν τις ἐν καιρῷ γε μαλθάσσῃ κέαρ καὶ μὴ σφριγῶντα θυμὸν ἰσχναίνῃ βίᾳ. Ὠκεανός ἐν τῷ προθυμεῖσθαι δὲ καὶ τολμᾶν τίνα ὁρᾷς ἐνοῦσαν ζημίαν; δίδασκέ με. Προμηθεύς 385μόχθον περισσὸν κουφόνουν τʼ εὐηθίαν. Ὠκεανός ἔα με τῇδε τῇ νόσῳ νοσεῖν, ἐπεὶ κέρδιστον εὖ φρονοῦντα μὴ φρονεῖν δοκεῖν. Προμηθεύς ἐμὸν δοκήσει τἀμπλάκημʼ εἶναι τόδε. Ὠκεανός σαφῶς μʼ ἐς οἶκον σὸς λόγος στέλλει πάλιν. Προμηθεύς 390μὴ γάρ σε θρῆνος οὑμὸς εἰς ἔχθραν βάλῃ. Ὠκεανός ἦ τῷ νέον θακοῦντι παγκρατεῖς ἕδρας; Προμηθεύς τούτου φυλάσσου μή ποτʼ ἀχθεσθῇ κέαρ. Ὠκεανός ἡ σή, Προμηθεῦ, συμφορὰ διδάσκαλος. Προμηθεύς στέλλου, κομίζου, σῷζε τὸν παρόντα νοῦν. Ὠκεανός 395ὁρμωμένῳ μοι τόνδʼ ἐθώυξας λόγον. λευρὸν γὰρ οἷμον αἰθέρος ψαίρει πτεροῖς τετρασκελὴς οἰωνός· ἄσμενος δέ τἂν σταθμοῖς ἐν οἰκείοισι κάμψειεν γόνυ.

Oceanus Do you not know then, Prometheus, that words are the physicians of a disordered temper?

Prometheus If one softens the soul in season, and does not hasten to reduce its swelling rage by violence.

Oceanus What lurking mischief do you see when daring joins to zeal? Teach me this.

Prometheus Lost labor and thoughtless simplicity.

Oceanus Leave me to be affected by this, since it is most advantageous, when truly wise, to be deemed a fool.

Prometheus This fault will be seen to be my own.

Oceanus Clearly the manner of your speech orders me back home.

Prometheus So that you won’t win enmity for yourself by lamenting for me.

Oceanus In the eyes of the one who is newly seated on his omnipotent throne?

Prometheus Beware lest the time come when his heart is angered with you.

Oceanus Your plight, Prometheus, is my instructor.

Prometheus Go away, depart, keep your present purpose.

Oceanus Your urging meets my eagerness; for my four-footed winged beast fans with his wings the smooth pathway of the air; and truly he will be glad to rest his knees in his stall at home.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Herbert Weir Smyth (modernised by Perseus) (1922). Original text: Greek text: Herbert Weir Smyth (ed. and trans.), Aeschylus, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1922, as digitised by Perseus. English: Herbert Weir Smyth, Aeschylus, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1922 (Perseus's modernised version of Smyth's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.