Euripides · Bacchae Βάκχαι

Euripides, Bacchae 1233–1301: Exodos: Agave recovers her senses

Agave boasts to Kadmos that she and her sisters have caught a lion, and he answers in grief that they have committed murder. He makes her look at the sky and answer questions about her husband and son, until her madness lifts. She recognizes the head in her hands as that of Pentheus and learns that she and her sisters killed him on Kithairon.

Lines 1233–1301 · 670 words · click a number to copy its link

Agave

1233πάτερ, μέγιστον κομπάσαι πάρεστί σοι, πάντων ἀρίστας θυγατέρας σπεῖραι μακρῷ 1235θνητῶν· ἁπάσας εἶπον, ἐξόχως δʼ ἐμέ, ἣ τὰς παρʼ ἱστοῖς ἐκλιποῦσα κερκίδας ἐς μείζονʼ ἥκω, θῆρας ἀγρεύειν χεροῖν. φέρω δʼ ἐν ὠλέναισιν, ὡς ὁρᾷς, τάδε λαβοῦσα τἀριστεῖα, σοῖσι πρὸς δόμοις 1240ὡς ἀγκρεμασθῇ· σὺ δέ, πάτερ, δέξαι χεροῖν· γαυρούμενος δὲ τοῖς ἐμοῖς ἀγρεύμασιν κάλει φίλους ἐς δαῖτα· μακάριος γὰρ εἶ, μακάριος, ἡμῶν τοιάδʼ ἐξειργασμένων.

Father, you may make a great boast, that you have born daughters the best by far of all mortals. I mean all of us, but myself especially, who have left my shuttle at the loom and gone on to greater things, to catch wild animals with my two hands. And having taken him, I carry these spoils of honor in my arms, as you see, so that they may hang from your house. You father, receive them in your hands. Preening yourself in my catch, call your friends to a feast. For you are blessed, blessed, now that we have performed these deeds.

Κάδμος 1244ὦ πένθος οὐ μετρητὸν οὐδʼ οἷόν τʼ ἰδεῖν, 1245φόνον ταλαίναις χερσὶν ἐξειργασμένων. καλὸν τὸ θῦμα καταβαλοῦσα δαίμοσιν ἐπὶ δαῖτα Θήβας τάσδε κἀμὲ παρακαλεῖς. οἴμοι κακῶν μὲν πρῶτα σῶν, ἔπειτʼ ἐμῶν· ὡς ὁ θεὸς ἡμᾶς ἐνδίκως μέν, ἀλλʼ ἄγαν, 1250Βρόμιος ἄναξ ἀπώλεσʼ οἰκεῖος γεγώς. Ἀγαύη ὡς δύσκολον τὸ γῆρας ἀνθρώποις ἔφυ ἔν τʼ ὄμμασι σκυθρωπόν. εἴθε παῖς ἐμὸς εὔθηρος εἴη, μητρὸς εἰκασθεὶς τρόποις, ὅτʼ ἐν νεανίαισι Θηβαίοις ἅμα 1255θηρῶν ὀριγνῷτʼ· ἀλλὰ θεομαχεῖν μόνον οἷός τʼ ἐκεῖνος. νουθετητέος, πάτερ, σοὐστίν. τίς αὐτὸν δεῦρʼ ἂν ὄψιν εἰς ἐμὴν καλέσειεν, ὡς ἴδῃ με τὴν εὐδαίμονα; Κάδμος φεῦ φεῦ· φρονήσασαι μὲν οἷʼ ἐδράσατε 1260ἀλγήσετʼ ἄλγος δεινόν· εἰ δὲ διὰ τέλους ἐν τῷδʼ ἀεὶ μενεῖτʼ ἐν ᾧ καθέστατε, οὐκ εὐτυχοῦσαι δόξετʼ οὐχὶ δυστυχεῖν. Ἀγαύη τί δʼ οὐ καλῶς τῶνδʼ ἢ τί λυπηρῶς ἔχει; Κάδμος πρῶτον μὲν ἐς τόνδʼ αἰθέρʼ ὄμμα σὸν μέθες. Ἀγαύη 1265ἰδού· τί μοι τόνδʼ ἐξυπεῖπας εἰσορᾶν; Κάδμος ἔθʼ αὑτὸς ἤ σοι μεταβολὰς ἔχειν δοκεῖ; Ἀγαύη λαμπρότερος ἢ πρὶν καὶ διειπετέστερος. Κάδμος τὸ δὲ πτοηθὲν τόδʼ ἔτι σῇ ψυχῇ πάρα; Ἀγαύη οὐκ οἶδα τοὔπος τοῦτο. γίγνομαι δέ πως 1270ἔννους, μετασταθεῖσα τῶν πάρος φρενῶν. Κάδμος κλύοις ἂν οὖν τι κἀποκρίναιʼ ἂν σαφῶς; Ἀγαύη ὡς ἐκλέλησμαί γʼ ἃ πάρος εἴπομεν, πάτερ. Κάδμος ἐς ποῖον ἦλθες οἶκον ὑμεναίων μέτα; Ἀγαύη Σπαρτῷ μʼ ἔδωκας, ὡς λέγουσʼ, Ἐχίονι. Κάδμος 1275τίς οὖν ἐν οἴκοις παῖς ἐγένετο σῷ πόσει; Ἀγαύη Πενθεύς, ἐμῇ τε καὶ πατρὸς κοινωνίᾳ. Κάδμος τίνος πρόσωπον δῆτʼ ἐν ἀγκάλαις ἔχεις; Ἀγαύη λέοντος, ὥς γʼ ἔφασκον αἱ θηρώμεναι. Κάδμος σκέψαι νυν ὀρθῶς· βραχὺς ὁ μόχθος εἰσιδεῖν.

Kadmos O grief beyond measuring, one which I cannot stand to see, that you have performed murder with miserable hands. Having cast down a fine sacrificial victim to the gods, you invite Thebes and me to a banquet. Alas, first for your troubles, then for my own. How justly, yet too severely, lord Bromius the god has destroyed us, though he is a member of our own family.

Agave How morose and sullen in its countenance is man’s old age! I hope that my son is a good hunter, taking after his mother’s ways, when he goes after wild beasts together with the young men of Thebes. But all he can do is fight with the gods. You must admonish him, father. Who will call him here to my sight, so that he may see how lucky I am?

Kadmos Alas, alas! When you realize what you have done you will suffer a terrible pain. But if you remain forever in the state you are in now, though hardly fortunate, you will not imagine that you are unfortunate.

Agave But what of these matters is not right, or what is painful?

Kadmos First cast your eye up to this sky.

Agave All right; why do you tell me to look at it?

Kadmos Is it still the same, or does it appear to have changed?

Agave It is brighter than before and more translucent.

Kadmos Is your soul still quivering?

Agave I don’t understand your words. I have become somehow sobered, changing from my former state of mind.

Kadmos Can you hear and respond clearly?

Agave Yes, for I forget what we said before, father.

Kadmos To whose house did you come in marriage?

Agave You gave me, as they say, to Echion, the sown man.

Kadmos What son did you bear to your husband in the house?

Agave Pentheus, from my union with his father.

Kadmos Whose head do you hold in your hands?

Agave A lion’s, as they who hunted him down said.

Kadmos Examine it correctly then; it takes but little effort to see.

Ἀγαύη 1280ἔα, τί λεύσσω; τί φέρομαι τόδʼ ἐν χεροῖν; Κάδμος ἄθρησον αὐτὸ καὶ σαφέστερον μάθε. Ἀγαύη ὁρῶ μέγιστον ἄλγος ἡ τάλαινʼ ἐγώ. Κάδμος μῶν σοι λέοντι φαίνεται προσεικέναι; Ἀγαύη οὔκ, ἀλλὰ Πενθέως ἡ τάλαινʼ ἔχω κάρα. Κάδμος 1285ᾠμωγμένον γε πρόσθεν ἢ σὲ γνωρίσαι. Ἀγαύη τίς ἔκτανέν νιν;—πῶς ἐμὰς ἦλθεν χέρας; Κάδμος δύστηνʼ ἀλήθειʼ, ὡς ἐν οὐ καιρῷ πάρει. Ἀγαύη λέγʼ, ὡς τὸ μέλλον καρδία πήδημʼ ἔχει. Κάδμος σύ νιν κατέκτας καὶ κασίγνηται σέθεν. Ἀγαύη 1290ποῦ δʼ ὤλετʼ; ἦ κατʼ οἶκον; ἢ ποίοις τόποις; Κάδμος οὗπερ πρὶν Ἀκτέωνα διέλαχον κύνες. Ἀγαύη τί δʼ ἐς Κιθαιρῶνʼ ἦλθε δυσδαίμων ὅδε; Κάδμος ἐκερτόμει θεὸν σάς τε βακχείας μολών. Ἀγαύη ἡμεῖς δʼ ἐκεῖσε τίνι τρόπῳ κατήραμεν; Κάδμος 1295ἐμάνητε, πᾶσά τʼ ἐξεβακχεύθη πόλις. Ἀγαύη Διόνυσος ἡμᾶς ὤλεσʼ, ἄρτι μανθάνω. Κάδμος ὕβριν γʼ ὑβρισθείς· θεὸν γὰρ οὐχ ἡγεῖσθέ νιν. Ἀγαύη τὸ φίλτατον δὲ σῶμα ποῦ παιδός, πάτερ; Κάδμος ἐγὼ μόλις τόδʼ ἐξερευνήσας φέρω. Ἀγαύη 1300ἦ πᾶν ἐν ἄρθροις συγκεκλῃμένον καλῶς; Κάδμος […] Ἀγαύη Πενθεῖ δὲ τί μέρος ἀφροσύνης προσῆκʼ ἐμῆς;

Agave Ah! What do I see? What is this that I carry in my hands?

Kadmos Look at it and learn more clearly.

Agave I see the greatest grief, wretched that I am.

Kadmos Does it seem to you to be like a lion?

Agave No, but I, wretched, hold the head of Pentheus.

Kadmos Yes, much lamented before you recognized him.

Agave Who killed him? How did he come into my hands?

Kadmos Miserable truth, how inopportunely you arrive!

Agave Tell me. My heart leaps at what is to come.

Kadmos You and your sisters killed him.

Agave Where did he die? Was it here at home, or in what place?

Kadmos Where formerly dogs divided Actaeon among themselves.

Agave And why did this ill-fated man go to Kithairon?

Kadmos He went to mock the god and your revelry.

Agave But in what way did we go there?

Kadmos You were mad, and the whole city was frantic with Bacchus.

Agave Dionysus destroyed us—now I understand.

Kadmos Being insulted with insolence, for you did not consider him a god.

Agave And where is the body of my dearest child, father?

Kadmos I have traced it with difficulty and brought it back.

Agave Are its joints laid properly together?

Kadmos […]

Agave What part did Pentheus have in my folly?

People and places in this passage

English translation by Theodore A. Buckley (modernised by Perseus) (1850). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Theodore A. Buckley, The Tragedies of Euripides, London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850 (Perseus's modernised version).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.