Aristophanes · The Knights Ἱππεῖς

Aristophanes, The Knights 107–234: Prologue: the stolen oracle and the Sausage-seller

While Paphlagon sleeps, Nicias steals the oracles that he guards, and Demosthenes reads in them how Paphlagon himself is to be overthrown. A line of sellers is foretold, an oakum-seller, a sheep-seller and a leather-seller, and after them a sausage-seller will oust the leather-seller. A Sausage-seller passing on his way to market is hailed as the coming ruler of Athens, and he protests that he is a rogue with no learning, which Demosthenes says is just what a demagogue needs. Paphlagon is seen approaching.

Lines 107–234 · 1065 words · click a number to copy its link
Δημοσθένης 107ἕλχʼ ἕλκε τὴν τοῦ δαίμονος τοῦ Πραμνίου. ὦ δαῖμον ἀγαθὲ σὸν τὸ βούλευμʼ, οὐκ ἐμόν. Νικίας εἴπʼ, ἀντιβολῶ, τί ἔστι; Δημοσθένης τοὺς χρησμοὺς ταχὺ 110κλέψας ἔνεγκε τοῦ Παφλαγόνος ἔνδοθεν, ἕως καθεύδει. Νικίας ταῦτʼ. ἀτὰρ τοῦ δαίμονος δέδοιχʼ ὅπως μὴ τεύξομαι κακοδαίμονος. Δημοσθένης φέρε νυν ἐγὼ μʼ αὐτῷ προσαγάγω τὸν χοᾶ. τὸν νοῦν ἵνʼ ἄρδω καὶ λέγω τι δεξιόν. Νικίας 115ὡς μεγάλʼ ὁ Παφλαγὼν πέρδεται καὶ ῥέγκεται, ὥστʼ ἔλαθον αὐτὸν τὸν ἱερὸν χρησμὸν λαβών, ὅνπερ μάλιστʼ ἐφύλαττεν. Δημοσθένης ὦ σοφώτατε. φέρʼ αὐτὸν ἵνʼ ἀναγνῶ· σὺ δʼ ἔγχεον πιεῖν ἀνύσας τι. φέρʼ ἴδω τί ἄρʼ ἔνεστιν αὐτόθι. 120ὦ λόγια. δός μοι δὸς τὸ ποτήριον ταχύ. Νικίας ἰδού. τί φησʼ ὁ χρησμός; Δημοσθένης ἑτέραν ἔγχεον. Νικίας ἐν τοῖς λογίοις ἔνεστιν ἑτέραν ἔγχεον; Δημοσθένης ὦ Βάκι. Νικίας τί ἔστι; Δημοσθένης δὸς τὸ ποτήριον ταχύ. Νικίας πολλῷ γʼ ὁ Βάκις ἐχρῆτο τῷ ποτηρίῳ. Δημοσθένης 125ὦ μιαρὲ Παφλαγὼν ταῦτʼ ἄρʼ ἐφυλάττου πάλαι, τὸν περὶ σεαυτοῦ χρησμὸν ὀρρωδῶν; Νικίας τιή; Δημοσθένης ἐνταῦθʼ ἔνεστιν, αὐτὸς ὡς ἀπόλλυται.

DEMOSTHENES Quaff, quaff the loving-cup of Pramnian Fortune.

DEMOSTHENES O Happy Fortune, thine’s the thought, not mine!

NICIAS Pray you, what is it?

DEMOSTHENES Steal from Paphlagon, While yet he sleeps, those oracles of his, And bring them out. I will; and yet I’m fearful That I may meet with most unhappy Fortune.

DEMOSTHENES Come now, I’ll draw the pitcher to myself, Moisten my wits, and utter something bright.

NICIAS Paphlagon’s snoring so! He never saw me. I’ve got the sacred oracle which he keeps So snugly.

DEMOSTHENES O you clever fellow you, I’ll read it; hand it over; you the while Fill me the cup. Let’s see: what have we here? O! Prophecies! Give me the cup directly.

NICIAS Here! What do they say?

DEMOSTHENES Fill me another cup.

NICIAS Fill me another? Is that really there?

DEMOSTHENES O Bakis!

NICIAS Well?

DEMOSTHENES Give me the cup directly.

NICIAS Bakis seems mighty partial to the cup.

DEMOSTHENES O villainous Paphlagon, this it was you feared, This oracle about yourself!

NICIAS What is it?

DEMOSTHENES Herein is written how himself shall perish.

Νικίας 128καὶ πῶς; Δημοσθένης ὅπως; ὁ χρησμὸς ἄντικρυς λέγει ὡς πρῶτα μὲν στυππειοπώλης γίγνεται, 130ὃς πρῶτος ἕξει τῆς πόλεως τὰ πράγματα. Νικίας εἷς οὑτοσὶ πώλης. τί τοὐντεῦθεν; λέγε. Δημοσθένης μετὰ τοῦτον αὖθις προβατοπώλης δεύτερος. Νικίας δύο τώδε πώλα. καὶ τί τόνδε χρὴ παθεῖν; Δημοσθένης κρατεῖν, ἕως ἕτερος ἀνὴρ βδελυρώτερος 135αὐτοῦ γένοιτο· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτʼ ἀπόλλυται. ἐπιγίγνεται γὰρ βυρσοπώλης ὁ Παφλαγών, ἅρπαξ κεκράκτης Κυκλοβόρου φωνὴν ἔχων. Νικίας τὸν προβατοπώλην ἦν ἄρʼ ἀπολέσθαι χρεὼν ὑπὸ βυρσοπώλου; Δημοσθένης νὴ Δίʼ. Νικίας οἴμοι δείλαιος. 140πόθεν οὖν ἂν ἔτι γένοιτο πώλης εἶς μόνος; Δημοσθένης ἔτʼ ἐστὶν εἷς ὑπερφυᾶ τέχνην ἔχων. Νικίας εἴπʼ, ἀντιβολῶ, τίς ἐστιν; Δημοσθένης εἴπω; Νικίας νὴ Δία. Δημοσθένης ἀλλαντοπώλης ἔσθʼ ὁ τοῦτον ἐξολῶν. Νικίας ἀλλαντοπώλης; ὦ Πόσειδον τῆς τέχνης. 145φέρε ποῦ τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον ἐξευρήσομεν; Δημοσθένης ζητῶμεν αὐτόν. Νικίας ἀλλʼ ὁδὶ προσέρχεται ὥσπερ κατὰ θεὸν εἰς ἀγοράν. Δημοσθένης ὦ μακάριε ἀλλαντοπῶλα, δεῦρο δεῦρʼ ὦ φίλτατε

NICIAS How shall he?

DEMOSTHENES How? The oracle says straight out, That first of all there comes an oakum-seller Who first shall manage all the State’s affairs.

NICIAS One something-seller; well, what follows, pray?

DEMOSTHENES Next after him there comes a sheep-seller.

NICIAS Two something-sellers; what’s this seller’s fortune?

DEMOSTHENES He’ll hold the reins, till some more villainous rogue Arise than he; and thereupon he’ll perish. Then follows Paphlagon, our leather-seller, Thief, brawler, roaring as Cycloborus roars.

NICIAS The leather-seller, then, shall overthrow The sheep-seller?

DEMOSTHENES He shall.

NICIAS O wretched me, Is there no other something-seller left?

DEMOSTHENES There is yet one; a wondrous trade he has.

NICIAS What, I beseech you?

DEMOSTHENES Shall I tell you?

NICIAS Aye:

DEMOSTHENES A sausage-seller ousts the leather-seller.

NICIAS A sausage-seller! Goodness, what a trade! Wherever shall we find one?

DEMOSTHENES That’s the question.

NICIAS Why here comes one, ’tis providential surely, Bound for the agora.

DEMOSTHENES Hi, come hither! here! You dearest man, you blessed sausage-seller!

Δημοσθένης 149ἀνάβαινε σωτὴρ τῇ πόλει καὶ νῷν φανείς. Ἀλλαντοπώλης 150τί ἔστι; τί με καλεῖτε; Δημοσθένης δεῦρʼ ἔλθʼ, ἵνα πύθῃ ὡς εὐτυχὴς εἶ καὶ μεγάλως εὐδαιμονεῖς. Νικίας ἴθι δὴ κάθελʼ αὐτοῦ τοὐλεὸν καὶ τοῦ θεοῦ τὸν χρησμὸν ἀναδίδαξον αὐτὸν ὡς ἔχει· ἐγὼ δʼ ἰὼν προσκέψομαι τὸν Παφλαγόνα. Δημοσθένης 155ἄγε δὴ σὺ κατάθου πρῶτα τὰ σκεύη χαμαί· ἔπειτα τὴν γῆν πρόσκυσον καὶ τοὺς θεούς. Ἀλλαντοπώλης ἰδού· τί ἔστιν; Δημοσθένης ὦ μακάριʼ ὦ πλούσιε, ὦ νῦν μὲν οὐδεὶς αὔριον δʼ ὑπέρμεγας, ὦ τῶν Ἀθηνῶν ταγὲ τῶν εὐδαιμόνων. Ἀλλαντοπώλης 160τί μʼ ὦγάθʼ οὐ πλύνειν ἐᾷς τὰς κοιλίας πωλεῖν τε τοὺς ἀλλᾶντας, ἀλλὰ καταγελᾷς; Δημοσθένης ὦ μῶρε ποίας κοιλίας; δευρὶ βλέπε. τὰς στίχας ὁρᾷς τὰς τῶνδε τῶν λαῶν; Ἀλλαντοπώλης ὁρῶ. Δημοσθένης τούτων ἁπάντων αὐτὸς ἀρχέλας ἔσει, 165καὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς καὶ τῶν λιμένων καὶ τῆς πυκνός· βουλὴν πατήσεις καὶ στρατηγοὺς κλαστάσεις, δήσεις φυλάξεις, ἐν πρυτανείῳ λαικάσει. Ἀλλαντοπώλης ἐγώ; Δημοσθένης σὺ μέντοι· κοὐδέπω γε πάνθʼ ὁρᾷς. ἀλλʼ ἐπανάβηθι κἀπὶ τοὐλεὸν τοδὶ 170καὶ κάτιδε τὰς νήσους ἁπάσας ἐν κύκλῳ. Ἀλλαντοπώλης καθορῶ. Δημοσθένης τί δαί; τἀμπόρια καὶ τὰς ὁλκάδας;

DEMOSTHENES Arise, a Saviour to the State and us.

SAUSAGE-SELLER Eh! What are you shouting at?

DEMOSTHENES Come here this instant, And hear your wonderful amazing luck.

NICIAS Make him put down his dresser; tell him all The news about that oracle we’ve got. I’ll keep an eye on Paphlagon the while.

DEMOSTHENES Come, put you down those cookery implements, Then make your reverence to the Gods and earth,—

SAUSAGE-SELLER There! what’s the row?

DEMOSTHENES O happy man, and rich, Nothing to-day, to-morrow everything! O mighty ruler of Imperial Athens!

SAUSAGE-SELLER Good fellow, let me wash the guts, and sell My sausages. What need to flout me so?

DEMOSTHENES You fool! the guts indeed! Now look you here. You see those people on the tiers?

SAUSAGE-SELLER I do.

DEMOSTHENES You shall be over-lord of all those people, The Agora, and the Harbours, and the Pnyx. You’ll trim the Generals, trample down the Council, Fetter, imprison, make the Hall your brothel.

SAUSAGE-SELLER What, I?

DEMOSTHENES Yes, you yourself! And that’s not all. For mount you up upon the dresser here And view the islands all around.

SAUSAGE-SELLER I see.

DEMOSTHENES And all the marts and merchant-ships?

Ἀλλαντοπώλης 172ἔγωγε. Δημοσθένης πῶς οὖν οὐ μεγάλως εὐδαιμονεῖς; ἔτι νῦν τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν παράβαλλʼ ἐς Καρίαν τὸν δεξιόν, τὸν δʼ ἕτερον ἐς Καρχηδόνα. Ἀλλαντοπώλης 175εὐδαιμονήσω δʼ εἰ διαστραφήσομαι; Δημοσθένης οὐκ ἀλλὰ διὰ σοῦ ταῦτα πάντα πέρναται. γίγνει γάρ, ὡς ὁ χρησμὸς οὑτοσὶ λέγει, ἀνὴρ μέγιστος. Ἀλλαντοπώλης εἰπέ μοι καὶ πῶς ἐγὼ ἀλλαντοπώλης ὢν ἀνὴρ γενήσομαι; Δημοσθένης 180διʼ αὐτὸ γάρ τοι τοῦτο καὶ γίγνει μέγας, ὁτιὴ πονηρὸς κἀξ ἀγορᾶς εἶ καὶ θρασύς. Ἀλλαντοπώλης οὐκ ἀξιῶ ʼγὼ ʼμαυτὸν ἰσχύειν μέγα. Δημοσθένης οἴμοι τί ποτʼ ἔσθʼ ὅτι σαυτὸν οὐ φῂς ἄξιον; ξυνειδέναι τί μοι δοκεῖς σαυτῷ καλόν. 185μῶν ἐκ καλῶν εἶ κἀγαθῶν; Ἀλλαντοπώλης μὰ τοὺς θεοὺς εἰ μὴ ʼκ πονηρῶν γʼ. Δημοσθένης ὦ μακάριε τῆς τύχης ὅσον πέπονθας ἀγαθὸν ἐς τὰ πράγματα. Ἀλλαντοπώλης ἀλλʼ ὦγάθʼ οὐδὲ μουσικὴν ἐπίσταμαι πλὴν γραμμάτων, καὶ ταῦτα μέντοι κακὰ κακῶς. Δημοσθένης 190τουτὶ μόνον σʼ ἔβλαψεν, ὅτι καὶ κακὰ κακῶς. ἡ δημαγωγία γὰρ οὐ πρὸς μουσικοῦ ἔτʼ ἐστὶν ἀνδρὸς οὐδὲ χρηστοῦ τοὺς τρόπους, ἀλλʼ εἰς ἀμαθῆ καὶ βδελυρόν. ἀλλὰ μὴ παρῇς ἅ σοι διδόασʼ ἐν τοῖς λογίοισιν οἱ θεοί. Ἀλλαντοπώλης 195πῶς δῆτά φησʼ ὁ χρησμός;

SAUSAGE-SELLER I see.

DEMOSTHENES And aren’t you then a lucky man? And that’s not all. Just cast your eyes askew, The right to Caria, and the left to Carthage.

SAUSAGE-SELLER A marvellous lucky man, to twist my neck!

DEMOSTHENES Nay, but all these shall be your—perquisites. You shall become, this oracle declares, A Man most mighty!

SAUSAGE-SELLER Humbug! How can I, A sausage-selling chap, become a Man?

DEMOSTHENES Why, that’s the very thing will make you great, Your roguery, impudence, and agora-training.

SAUSAGE-SELLER I am not worthy of great power, methinks.

DEMOSTHENES O me, not worthy! what’s the matter now? You’ve got, I fear, some good upon your conscience. Spring you from gentlemen?

SAUSAGE-SELLER By the powers, not I. From downright blackguards.

DEMOSTHENES Lucky, lucky man, O what a start you’ve got for public life.

SAUSAGE-SELLER But I know nothing, friend, beyond my letters, And even of them but little, and that badly.

DEMOSTHENES The mischief is that you know ANYTHING. To be a Demus-leader is not now For lettered men, nor yet for honest men, But for the base and ignorant. Don’t let slip The bright occasion which the Gods provide you.

SAUSAGE-SELLER But the oracle?

Δημοσθένης 195bεὖ νὴ τοὺς θεοὺς καὶ ποικίλως πως καὶ σοφῶς ᾐνιγμένος· ἀλλʼ ὁπόταν μάρψῃ βυρσαίετος ἀγκυλοχήλης γαμφηλῇσι δράκοντα κοάλεμον αἱματοπώτην, δὴ τότε Παφλαγόνων μὲν ἀπόλλυται ἡ σκοροδάλμη, 200κοιλιοπώλῃσιν δὲ θεὸς μέγα κῦδος ὀπάζει, αἴ κεν μὴ πωλεῖν ἀλλᾶντας μᾶλλον ἕλωνται. Ἀλλαντοπώλης πῶς οὖν πρὸς ἐμὲ ταῦτʼ ἐστίν; ἀναδίδασκέ με. Δημοσθένης βυρσαίετος μὲν ὁ Παφλαγών ἐσθʼ οὑτοσί. Ἀλλαντοπώλης τί δʼ ἀγκυλοχήλης ἐστίν; Δημοσθένης αὐτό που λέγει, 205ὅτι ἀγκύλαις ταῖς χερσὶν ἁρπάζων φέρει. Ἀλλαντοπώλης ὁ δράκων δὲ πρὸς τί; Δημοσθένης τοῦτο περιφανέστατον. ὁ δράκων γάρ ἐστι μακρὸν ὅ τʼ ἀλλᾶς αὖ μακρόν. εἶθʼ αἱματοπώτης ἔσθʼ ὅ τʼ ἀλλᾶς χὠ δράκων· τὸν οὖν δράκοντά φησι τὸν βυρσαίετον 210ἤδη κρατήσειν, αἴ κε μὴ θαλφθῇ λόγοις. Ἀλλαντοπώλης τὰ μὲν λόγιʼ αἰκάλλει με· θαυμάζω δʼ ὅπως τὸν δῆμον οἷός τʼ ἐπιτροπεύειν εἴμʼ ἐγώ. Δημοσθένης φαυλότατον ἔργον· ταῦθʼ ἅπερ ποιεῖς ποίει· τάραττε καὶ χόρδευʼ ὁμοῦ τὰ πράγματα 215ἅπαντα, καὶ τὸν δῆμον ἀεὶ προσποιοῦ ὑπογλυκαίνων ῥηματίοις μαγειρικοῖς. τὰ δʼ ἄλλα σοι πρόσεστι δημαγωγικά,

DEMOSTHENES Full of promise good, Wrapped up in cunning enigmatic words. Nay, BUT IF ONCE THE EAGLE, THE BLACK-TANNED MANDIBLE-CURVER, SEIZE WITH HIS BEAK THE SERPENT, THE DULLARD, THE DRINKER OF LIFE-BLOOD, THEN SHALL THE SHARP SOUR BRINE OF THE PAPHLAGON-TRIBE BE EXTINGUISHED, THEN TO THE ENTRAIL-SELLERS SHALL GOD GREAT GLORY AND HONOUR RENDER, UNLESS THEY ELECT TO CONTINUE THE SALE OF THE SAUSAGE.

SAUSAGE-SELLER But what in the world has this to do with me?

DEMOSTHENES The black-tanned Eagle, that means Paphlagon.

SAUSAGE-SELLER And what the mandibles?

DEMOSTHENES That’s self-evident. His fingers, crooked to carry off their prey.

SAUSAGE-SELLER What does the Serpent mean?

DEMOSTHENES That’s plainer still. A serpent’s long; a sausage too is long. Serpents drink blood, and sausages drink blood. The Serpent then, it says, shall overcome The black-tanned Eagle, if it’s not talked over.

SAUSAGE-SELLER I like the lines: but how can I, I wonder, Contrive to manage Demus’s affairs.

DEMOSTHENES Why nothing’s easier. Do what now you do: Mince, hash, and mash up everything together. Win over Demus with the savoury sauce Of little cookery phrases. You’ve already Whatever else a Demagogue requires.

Δημοσθένης 218φωνὴ μιαρά, γέγονας κακῶς, ἀγοραῖος εἶ· ἔχεις ἅπαντα πρὸς πολιτείαν ἃ δεῖ· 220χρησμοί τε συμβαίνουσι καὶ τὸ Πυθικόν. ἀλλὰ στεφανοῦ καὶ σπένδε τῷ Κοαλέμῳ· χὤπως ἀμυνεῖ τὸν ἄνδρα. Ἀλλαντοπώλης καὶ τίς ξύμμαχος γενήσεταί μοι; καὶ γὰρ οἵ τε πλούσιοι δεδίασιν αὐτὸν ὅ τε πένης βδύλλει λεώς. Δημοσθένης 225ἀλλʼ εἰσὶν ἱππῆς ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ χίλιοι μισοῦντες αὐτόν, οἳ βοηθήσουσί σοι, καὶ τῶν πολιτῶν οἱ καλοί τε κἀγαθοί, καὶ τῶν θεατῶν ὅστις ἐστὶ δεξιός, κἀγὼ μετʼ αὐτῶν χὠ θεὸς ξυλλήψεται. 230καὶ μὴ δέδιθʼ· οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἐξῃκασμένος, ὑπὸ τοῦ δέους γὰρ αὐτὸν οὐδεὶς ἤθελεν τῶν σκευοποιῶν εἰκάσαι. πάντως γε μὴν γνωσθήσεται· τὸ γὰρ θέατρον δεξιόν. Ἀλλαντοπώλης οἴμοι κακοδαίμων ὁ Παφλαγὼν ἐξέρχεται.

DEMOSTHENES A brutal voice, low birth, an agora training; Why you’ve got all one wants for public life. The Pythian shrine and oracles concur. Crown, crown your head; pour wine to mighty—Dulness; Prepare to fight the man.

SAUSAGE-SELLER But what ally Will stand beside me, for the wealthy men Tremble before him, and the poor folk blench.

DEMOSTHENES A thousand Knights, all honest men and true, Detest the scoundrel, and will help the cause; And whosoe’er is noblest in the State, And whosoe’er is brightest in the tiers, And I myself. And God will lend his aid. And fear him not; he is not pictured really; For all the mask-providers feared to mould His actual likeness; but our audience here Are shrewd and bright; they’ll recognize the man.

NICIAS Mercy upon us! here comes Paphlagon.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Benjamin Bickley Rogers (1924). Original text: Greek text: F. W. Hall and W. M. Geldart (eds.), Aristophanis Comoediae, Oxford Classical Texts, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906-1907, as digitised by Perseus. English: Benjamin Bickley Rogers, Aristophanes, vol. I, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, and New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1924.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, Greek: CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain (Rogers). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

The Knights 107–234: The stolen oracle and the…