Virgil · Eclogues Eclogae (Bucolica)

Virgil, Eclogues 10.1–77: Eclogue 10: Gallus

The poet asks Arethusa for a short song for Gallus, who lies dying of love, and the laurels, tamarisks and mountains mourn. Apollo, Silvanus and Pan come and question him, and Pan says love is never sated by tears. Gallus says the Arcadians should sing of his woes and wishes he had been a shepherd, thinks of Lycoris far away among the Alpine snows, and plans to hunt and carve her name on trees. He decides that nothing eases his pain and that love conquers all.

Lines 10.1–77 · 748 words · click a number to copy its link
1Extremum hunc, Arethusa, mihi concede laborem: pauca meo Gallo, sed quae legat ipsa Lycoris, carmina sunt dicenda. neget quis carmina Gallo? sic tibi, cum fluctus subterlabere Sicanos, 5Doris amara suam non intermisceat undam. incipe; sollicitos Galli dicamus amores, dum tenera attondent simae virgulta capellae. non canimus surdis; respondent omnia silvae. Quae nemora, aut qui vos saltus habuere, puellae 10Naides, indigno cum Gallus amore peribat? nam neque Parnasi vobis iuga, nam neque Pindi ulla moram fecere, neque Aoniae Aganippe.

This now, the very latest of my toils,
vouchsafe me, Arethusa! needs must I
sing a brief song to Gallus—brief, but yet
such as Lycoris' self may fitly read.
Who would not sing for Gallus? So, when thou
beneath Sicanian billows glidest on,
may Doris blend no bitter wave with thine,
begin! The love of Gallus be our theme,
and the shrewd pangs he suffered, while, hard by,
the flat-nosed she-goats browse the tender brush.
We sing not to deaf ears; no word of ours
but the woods echo it. What groves or lawns
held you, ye Dryad-maidens, when for love—
love all unworthy of a loss so dear—
Gallus lay dying? for neither did the slopes
of Pindus or Parnassus stay you then,
no, nor Aonian Aganippe.

13Illum etiam lauri, etiam flevere myricae. Pinifer illum etiam sola sub rupe iacentem 15Maenalus, et gelidi fleverunt saxa Lycaei. Stant et oves circum;—nostri nec poenitet illas, nec te poeniteat pecoris, divine poeta;— et formosus ovis ad flumina pavit Adonis; venit et upilio; tardi venere subulci; 20uvidus hiberna venit de glande Menalcas. Omnes “Unde amor iste” rogant “tibi?” Venit Apollo: “Galle, quid insanis?” inquit; “tua cura Lycoris perque nives alium perque horrida castra secuta est.”

Him
even the laurels and the tamarisks wept;
for him, outstretched beneath a lonely rock,
wept pine-clad Maenalus, and the flinty crags
of cold Lycaeus. The sheep too stood around—
of us they feel no shame, poet divine;
nor of the flock be thou ashamed: even fair
Adonis by the rivers fed his sheep—
came shepherd too, and swine-herd footing slow,
and, from the winter-acorns dripping-wet
Menalcas. All with one accord exclaim:
“From whence this love of thine?” Apollo came;
“Gallus, art mad?” he cried, “thy bosom's care
another love is following.”

24Venit et agresti capitis Silvanus honore, 25florentis ferulas et grandia lilia quassans. Pan deus Arcadiae venit, quem vidimus ipsi sanguineis ebuli bacis minioque rubentem. “Ecquis erit modus?” inquit; “Amor non talia curat; nec lacrimis crudelis Amor, nec gramina rivis, 30nec cytiso saturantur apes, nec fronde capellae.” Tristis at ille: “Tamen cantabitis, Arcades,” inquit “montibus haec vestris: soli cantare periti Arcades. O mihi tum quam molliter ossa quiescant, vestra meos olim si fistula dicat amores!

Therewithal
Silvanus came, with rural honours crowned;
the flowering fennels and tall lilies shook
before him. Yea, and our own eyes beheld
Pan, god of Arcady, with blood-red juice
of the elder-berry, and with vermilion, dyed.
“Wilt ever make an end?” quoth he, “behold
love recks not aught of it: his heart no more
with tears is sated than with streams the grass,
bees with the cytisus, or goats with leaves.”
“Yet will ye sing, Arcadians, of my woes
upon your mountains,” sadly he replied—
“Arcadians, that alone have skill to sing.
O then how softly would my ashes rest,
if of my love, one day, your flutes should tell!

35Atque utinam ex vobis unus, vestrique fuissem aut custos gregis, aut maturae vinitor uvae! Certe, sive mihi Phillis, sive esset Amyntas, seu quicumque furor—quid tum, si fuscus Amyntas; et nigrae violae sunt et vaccinia nigra— 40mecum inter salices lenta sub vite iaceret; serta mihi Phyllis legeret, cantaret Amyntas. Hic gelidi fontes, hic mollia prata, Lycori, hic nemus; hic ipso tecum consumerer aevo. Nunc insanus amor duri me Martis in armis 45tela inter media atque adversos detinet hostes: tu procul a patria (nec sit mihi credere tantum!) Alpinas, ah dura, nives et frigora Rheni me sine sola vides: ah, te ne frigora laedant!

And would that I, of your own fellowship,
or dresser of the ripening grape had been,
or guardian of the flock! for surely then,
let Phyllis, or Amyntas, or who else,
bewitch me—what if swart Amyntas be?
Dark is the violet, dark the hyacinth—
among the willows, 'neath the limber vine,
reclining would my love have lain with me,
Phyllis plucked garlands, or Amyntas sung.
Here are cool springs, soft mead and grove, Lycoris;
here might our lives with time have worn away.
But me mad love of the stern war-god holds
armed amid weapons and opposing foes.
Whilst thou—Ah! might I but believe it not!—
alone without me, and from home afar,
look'st upon Alpine snows and frozen Rhine.

49ah, tibi ne teneras glacies secet aspera plantas! 50Ibo, et, Chalcidico quae sunt mihi condita versu carmina, pastoris Siculi modulabor avena. certum est in silvis, inter spelaea ferarum malle pati, tenerisque meos incidere amores arboribus; crescent illae, crescetis, amores. 55Interea mixtis lustrabo Maenala nymphis, aut acris venabor apros: non me ulla vetabunt frigora Parthenios canibus circumdare saltus. iam mihi per rupes videor lucosque sonantis ire; libet Partho torquere Cydonia cornu 60spicula:—tamquam haec sit nostri medicina furoris, ut deus ille malis hominum mitescere discat!

Ah! may the frost not hurt thee, may the sharp
and jagged ice not wound thy tender feet!
I will depart, re-tune the songs I framed
in verse Chalcidian to the oaten reed
of the Sicilian swain. Resolved am I
in the woods, rather, with wild beasts to couch,
and bear my doom, and character my love
upon the tender tree-trunks: they will grow,
and you, my love, grow with them. And meanwhile
I with the Nymphs will haunt Mount Maenalus,
or hunt the keen wild boar. No frost so cold
but I will hem with hounds thy forest-glades,
parthenius. Even now, methinks, I range
o'er rocks, through echoing groves, and joy to launch
Cydonian arrows from a Parthian bow.—
as if my madness could find healing thus,
or that god soften at a mortal's grief!

62Iam neque hamadryades rursus nec carmina nobis ipsa placent; ipsae rursus concedite silvae. non illum nostri possunt mutare labores, 65nec si frigoribus mediis Hebrumque bibamus, Sithoniasque nives hiemis subeamus aquosae, nec si, cum moriens alta liber aret in ulmo, Aethiopum versemus ovis sub sidere Cancri. omnia vincit Amor; et nos cedamus Amori.” 70Haec sat erit, divae, vestrum cecinisse poetam, dum sedet et gracili fiscellam texit hibisco, Pierides; vos haec facietis maxima Gallo— Gallo, cuius amor tantum mihi crescit in horas, quantum vere novo viridis se subicit alnus. 75Surgamus; solet esse gravis cantantibus umbra; iuniperi gravis umbra; nocent et frugibus umbrae. Ite domum saturae, venit Hesperus, ite capellae.

Now neither Hamadryads, no, nor songs
delight me more: ye woods, away with you!
No pangs of ours can change him; not though we
in the mid-frost should drink of Hebrus' stream,
and in wet winters face Sithonian snows,
or, when the bark of the tall elm-tree bole
of drought is dying, should, under Cancer's Sign,
in Aethiopian deserts drive our flocks.
Love conquers all things; yield we too to love!”
These songs, Pierian Maids, shall it suffice
your poet to have sung, the while he sat,
and of slim mallow wove a basket fine:
to Gallus ye will magnify their worth,
Gallus, for whom my love grows hour by hour,
as the green alder shoots in early Spring.
Come, let us rise: the shade is wont to be
baneful to singers; baneful is the shade
cast by the juniper, crops sicken too
in shade. Now homeward, having fed your fill—
eve's star is rising—go, my she-goats, go.

People and places in this passage

English translation by James Rhoades (1921). Original text: J. B. Greenough (ed.), The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil, Boston: Ginn and Company, 1881 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: James Rhoades, The Poems of Vergil, London: Oxford University Press, 1921.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.