Virgil · Eclogues Eclogae (Bucolica)

Virgil, Eclogues 5.1–90: Eclogue 5: the death and deification of Daphnis

Menalcas and Mopsus meet and choose a cave to sing in. Mopsus sings of Daphnis, cruelly slain, whom the nymphs and his mother mourn, while animals refuse water, lions roar and the land turns barren, and the shepherds are told to build a tomb with a verse. Menalcas praises it and sings of Daphnis standing at the gate of Olympus, the woods rejoicing and yearly altars set up to him like those of Dionysus (Bacchus) and Demeter (Ceres). They exchange a pipe and a crook.

Lines 5.1–90 · 892 words · click a number to copy its link
Menalcas 1Cur non, Mopse, boni quoniam convenimus ambo, tu calamos inflare levis, ego dicere versus, hic corylis mixtas inter consedimus ulmos? Mopsus Tu maior; tibi me est aequum parere, Menalca, 5sive sub incertas zephyris motantibus umbras, sive antro potius succedimus: aspice, ut antrum silvestris raris sparsit labrusca racemis. Menalcas Montibus in nostris solus tibi certat Amyntas. Mopsus Quid, si idem certet Phoebum superare canendo? Menalcas 10Incipe, Mopse, prior, si quos aut Phyllidis ignes, aut Alconis habes laudes, aut iurgia Codri: incipe, pascentis servabit Tityrus haedos.

Menalcas Why, Mopsus, being both together met,
you skilled to breathe upon the slender reeds,
I to sing ditties, do we not sit down
here where the elm-trees and the hazels blend?

Mopsus You are the elder, 'tis for me to bide
your choice, Menalcas, whether now we seek
yon shade that quivers to the changeful breeze,
or the cave's shelter. Look you how the cave
is with the wild vine's clusters over-laced!

Menalcas None but Amyntas on these hills of ours
can vie with you.

Mopsus What if he also strive
to out-sing Phoebus?

Menalcas Do you first begin,
good Mopsus, whether minded to sing aught
of Phyllis and her loves, or Alcon's praise,
or to fling taunts at Codrus. Come, begin,
while Tityrus watches o'er the grazing kids.

Mopsus 13Immo haec, in viridi nuper quae cortice fagi carmina descripsi et modulans alterna notavi, 15experiar, tu deinde iubeto ut certet Amyntas. Menalcas Lenta salix quantum pallenti cedit olivae, puniceis humilis quantum saliunca rosetis, iudicio nostro tantum tibi cedit Amyntas. sed tu desine plura, puer; successimus antro. Mopsus 20Extinctum nymphae crudeli funere Daphnim flebant; vos coryli testes et flumina nymphis; cum complexa sui corpus miserabile nati, atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater.

Mopsus Nay, then, I will essay what late I carved
on a green beech-tree's rind, playing by turns,
and marking down the notes; then afterward
bid you Amyntas match them if he can.

Menalcas As limber willow to pale olive yields,
as lowly Celtic nard to rose-buds bright,
so, to my mind, Amyntas yields to you.
But hold awhile, for to the cave we come.

Mopsus “For Daphnis cruelly slain wept all the Nymphs—
ye hazels, bear them witness, and ye streams—
when she, his mother, clasping in her arms
the hapless body of the son she bare,
to gods and stars unpitying, poured her plaint.

24Non ulli pastos illis egere diebus 25frigida, Daphni, boves ad flumina; nulla neque amnem libavit quadrupes, nec graminis attigit herbam. Daphni, tuum Poenos etiam ingemuisse leones interitum montesque feri silvaeque loquuntur. Daphnis et Armenias curru subiungere tigres 30instituit; Daphnis thiasos inducere Bacchi, et foliis lentas intexere mollibus hastas. Vitis ut arboribus decori est, ut vitibus uvae, ut gregibus tauri, segetes ut pinguibus arvis, tu decus omne tuis. Postquam te fata tulerunt, 35ipsa Pales agros atque ipse reliquit Apollo.

Then, Daphnis, to the cooling streams were none
that drove the pastured oxen, then no beast
drank of the river, or would the grass-blade touch.
Nay, the wild rocks and woods then voiced the roar
of Afric lions mourning for thy death.
Daphnis, 'twas thou bad'st yoke to Bacchus' car
armenian tigresses, lead on the pomp
of revellers, and with tender foliage wreathe
the bending spear-wands. As to trees the vine
is crown of glory, as to vines the grape,
bulls to the herd, to fruitful fields the corn,
so the one glory of thine own art thou.
When the Fates took thee hence, then Pales' self,
and even Apollo, left the country lone.

36Grandia saepe quibus mandavimus hordea sulcis, infelix lolium et steriles nascuntur avenae; pro molli viola, pro purpureo narcisso, carduus et spinis surgit paliurus acutis. 40Spargite humum foliis, inducite fontibus umbras, pastores, mandat fieri sibi talia Daphnis; et tumulum facite, et tumulo superaddite carmen: DAPHNIS EGO IN SILVIS HINC VSQUE AD SIDERA NOTVS FORMONSI PECORIS CVSTOS FORMONSIOR IPSE. Menalcas 45Tale tuum carmen nobis, divine poeta, quale sopor fessis in gramine, quale per aestum dulcis aquae saliente sitim restinguere rivo: nec calamis solum aequiparas, sed voce magistrum.

Where the plump barley-grain so oft we sowed,
there but wild oats and barren darnel spring;
for tender violet and narcissus bright
thistle and prickly thorn uprear their heads.
Now, O ye shepherds, strew the ground with leaves,
and o'er the fountains draw a shady veil—
so Daphnis to his memory bids be done—
and rear a tomb, and write thereon this verse:
‘I, Daphnis in the woods, from hence in fame
am to the stars exalted, guardian once
of a fair flock, myself more fair than they.’”

Menalcas So is thy song to me, poet divine,
as slumber on the grass to weary limbs,
or to slake thirst from some sweet-bubbling rill
in summer's heat. Nor on the reeds alone,
but with thy voice art thou, thrice happy boy,
ranked with thy master, second but to him.

50Nos tamen haec quocumque modo tibi nostra vicissim dicemus, Daphnimque tuum tollemus ad astra; Daphnin ad astra feremus: amavit nos quoque Daphnis. Mopsus An quicquam nobis tali sit munere maius Et puer ipse fuit cantari dignus, et ista 55iam pridem Stimichon laudavit carmina nobis. Menalcas Candidus insuetum miratur limen Olympi, sub pedibusque videt nubes et sidera Daphnis. ergo alacris silvas et cetera rura voluptas Panaque pastoresque tenet, Dryadasque puellas; 60nec lupus insidias pecori, nec retia cervis ulla dolum meditantur: amat bonus otia Daphnis.

Yet will I, too, in turn, as best I may,
sing thee a song, and to the stars uplift
thy Daphnis—Daphnis to the stars extol,
for me too Daphnis loved.

Mopsus Than such a boon
what dearer could I deem? the boy himself
was worthy to be sung, and many a time
hath Stimichon to me your singing praised.

Menalcas “In dazzling sheen with unaccustomed eyes
Daphnis stands rapt before Olympus' gate,
and sees beneath his feet the clouds and stars.
Wherefore the woods and fields, Pan, shepherd-folk,
and Dryad-maidens, thrill with eager joy;
nor wolf with treacherous wile assails the flock,
nor nets the stag: kind Daphnis loveth peace.

62ipsi laetitia voces ad sidera iactant intonsi montes; ipsae iam carmina rupes, ipsa sonant arbusta: “Deus, deus ille, Menalca.” 65Sis bonus O felixque tuis! En quattuor aras: ecce duas tibi, Daphni, duas altaria Phoebo. pocula bina novo spumantia lacte quotannis, craterasque duo statuam tibi pinguis olivi, et multo in primis hilarans convivia Baccho,— 70ante focum, si frigus erit, si messis, in umbra,— vina novum fundam calathis Ariusia nectar. cantabunt mihi Damoetas et Lyctius Aegon; saltantis satyros imitabitur Alphesiboeus.

The unshorn mountains to the stars up-toss
voices of gladness; ay, the very rocks,
the very thickets, shout and sing, ‘A god,
a god is he, Menalcas’ Be thou kind,
propitious to thine own. Lo! altars four,
twain to thee, Daphnis, and to Phoebus twain
for sacrifice, we build; and I for thee
two beakers yearly of fresh milk afoam,
and of rich olive-oil two bowls, will set;
and of the wine-god's bounty above all,
if cold, before the hearth, or in the shade
at harvest-time, to glad the festal hour,
from flasks of Ariusian grape will pour
sweet nectar. Therewithal at my behest
shall Lyctian Aegon and Damoetas sing,
and Alphesiboeus emulate in dance
the dancing Satyrs.

74Haec tibi semper erunt, et cum solemnia vota 75reddemus Nymphis, et cum lustrabimus agros. Dum iuga montis aper, fluvios dum piscis amabit, dumque thymo pascentur apes, dum rore cicadae, semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt; ut Baccho Cererique, tibi sic vota quotannis 80agricolae facient: damnabis tu quoque votis. Mopsus Quae tibi, quae tali reddam pro carmine dona? Nam neque me tantum venientis sibilus austri, nec percussa iuvant fluctu tam litora, nec quae saxosas inter decurrunt flumina valles. Menalcas 85Hac te nos fragili donabimus ante cicuta: haec nos, “Formosum Corydon ardebat Alexim,” haec eadem docuit, “Cuium pecus, an Meliboei?” Mopsus At tu sume pedum, quod, me cum saepe rogaret, non tulit Antigenes—et erat tum dignus amari— 90formosum paribus nodis atque aere, Menalca.

This, thy service due,
shalt thou lack never, both when we pay the Nymphs
our yearly vows, and when with lustral rites
the fields we hallow. Long as the wild boar
shall love the mountain-heights, and fish the streams,
while bees on thyme and crickets feed on dew,
thy name, thy praise, thine honour, shall endure.
Even as to Bacchus and to Ceres, so
to thee the swain his yearly vows shall make;
and thou thereof, like them, shalt quittance claim.”

Mopsus How, how repay thee for a song so rare?
For not the whispering south-wind on its way
so much delights me, nor wave-smitten beach,
nor streams that race adown their bouldered beds.

Menalcas First this frail hemlock-stalk to you I give,
which taught me “Corydon with love was fired
for fair Alexis,” ay, and this beside,
“Who owns the flock?—Meliboeus?”

Mopsus But take you
this shepherd's crook, which, howso hard he begged,
antigenes, then worthy to be loved,
prevailed not to obtain—with brass, you see,
and equal knots, Menalcas, fashioned fair!

People and places in this passage

English translation by James Rhoades (1921). Original text: J. B. Greenough (ed.), The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil, Boston: Ginn and Company, 1881 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: James Rhoades, The Poems of Vergil, London: Oxford University Press, 1921.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.