οὐ πόρρω δέ ἐστι ναὸς Ἄμμωνος, καὶ τὸ ἄγαλμα ἀνέθηκε μὲν Πίνδαρος, Καλάμιδος δέ ἐστιν ἔργον. ἀπέπεμψε δὲ ὁ Πίνδαρος καὶ Λιβύης ἐς Ἀμμωνίους τῷ Ἄμμωνι ὕμνον· οὗτος καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἦν ὁ ὕμνος ἐν τριγώνῳ στήλῃ παρὰ τὸν βωμόν, ὃν Πτολεμαῖος ὁ Λάγου τῷ Ἄμμωνι ἀνέθηκε. Θηβαίοις δὲ μετὰ τοῦ Ἄμμωνος τὸ ἱερὸν οἰωνοσκοπεῖόν τε Τειρεσίου καλούμενον καὶ πλησίον Τύχης ἐστὶν ἱερόν·
φέρει μὲν δὴ Πλοῦτον παῖδα· ὡς δὲ Θηβαῖοι λέγουσι, χεῖρας μὲν τοῦ ἀγάλματος καὶ πρόσωπον Ξενοφῶν εἰργάσατο Ἀθηναῖος, Καλλιστόνικος δὲ τὰ λοιπὰ ἐπιχώριος. σοφὸν μὲν δὴ καὶ τούτοις τὸ βούλευμα, ἐσθεῖναι Πλοῦτον ἐς τὰς χεῖρας ἅτε μητρὶ ἢ τροφῷ τῇ Τύχῃ, σοφὸν δὲ οὐχ ἧσσον τὸ Κηφισοδότου· καὶ γὰρ οὗτος τῆς Εἰρήνης τὸ ἄγαλμα Ἀθηναίοις Πλοῦτον ἔχουσαν πεποίηκεν.
Ἀφροδίτης δὲ Θηβαίοις ξόανά ἐστιν οὕτω δὴ ἀρχαῖα ὥστε καὶ ἀναθήματα Ἁρμονίας εἶναί φασιν , ἐργασθῆναι δὲ αὐτὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀκροστολίων, ἃ ταῖς Κάδμου ναυσὶν ἦν ξύλου πεποιημένα. καλοῦσι δὲ Οὐρανίαν, τὴν δὲ αὐτῶν Πάνδημον καὶ Ἀποστροφίαν τὴν τρίτην· ἔθετο δὲ τῇ Ἀφροδίτῃ τὰς ἐπωνυμίας ἡ Ἁρμονία, τὴν μὲν Οὐρανίαν ἐπὶ ἔρωτι καθαρῷ καὶ
ἀπηλλαγμένῳ πόθου σωμάτων, Πάνδημον δὲ ἐπὶ ταῖς μίξεσι, τρίτα δὲ Ἀποστροφίαν, ἵνα ἐπιθυμίας τε ἀνόμου καὶ ἔργων ἀνοσίων ἀποστρέφῃ τὸ γένος τῶν ἀνθρώπων· πολλὰ γὰρ τὰ μὲν ἐν βαρβάροις ἠπίστατο ἡ Ἁρμονία, τὰ δὲ καὶ παρʼ Ἕλλησιν ἤδη τετολμημένα, ὁποῖα καὶ ὕστερον ἐπὶ τῇ Ἀδώνιδος μητρὶ καὶ ἐς Φαίδραν τε τὴν Μίνω καὶ ἐς τὸν Θρᾷκα Τηρέα ᾄδεται.
τὸ δὲ τῆς Δήμητρος ἱερὸν τῆς Θεσμοφόρου Κάδμου καὶ τῶν ἀπογόνων οἰκίαν ποτὲ εἶναι λέγουσι· Δήμητρος δὲ ἄγαλμα ὅσον ἐς στέρνα ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ φανερῷ. καὶ ἀσπίδες ἐνταῦθα ἀνάκεινται χαλκαῖ· Λακεδαιμονίων δέ, ὁπόσοι τῶν ἐν τέλει περὶ Λεῦκτρα ἐτελεύτησαν, φασὶν εἶναι.
πρὸς δὲ ταῖς καλουμέναις πύλαις Προιτίσι θέατρον ᾠκοδόμηται, καὶ ἐγγυτάτω τοῦ θεάτρου Διονύσου ναός ἐστιν ἐπίκλησιν Λυσίου· Θηβαίων γὰρ αἰχμαλώτους ἄνδρας ἐχομένους ὑπὸ Θρᾳκῶν, ὡς ἀγόμενοι κατὰ τὴν Ἁλιαρτίαν ἐγίνοντο, ἔλυσεν ὁ θεὸς καὶ ἀποκτεῖναί σφισι τοὺς Θρᾷκας παρέδωκεν ὑπνωμένους. ἐνταῦθα οἱ Θηβαῖοι τὸ ἕτερον τῶν ἀγαλμάτων φασὶν εἶναι Σεμέλης· ἐνιαυτοῦ δὲ ἅπαξ ἑκάστου τὸ ἱερὸν ἀνοιγνύναι φασὶν ἐν ἡμέραις τακταῖς.
καὶ οἰκίας τῆς Λύκου ἐρείπια καὶ Σεμέλης μνῆμά ἐστιν, Ἀλκμήνης δὲ οὐ μνῆμα· γενέσθαι δὲ αὐτὴν ὡς ἀπέθανε λίθον φασὶν ἐξ ἀνθρώπου, καὶ Μεγαρεῦσι τὰ ἐς αὐτὴν οὐχ ὁμολογοῦσι· διάφορα δὲ καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ὡς τὸ πολὺ ἀλλήλοις λέγουσιν Ἕλληνες. Θηβαίοις δὲ ἐνταῦθα καὶ τὰ μνήματα πεποίηται τῶν Ἀμφίονος παίδων, χωρὶς μὲν τῶν ἀρσένων, ἰδίᾳ δὲ ταῖς παρθένοις.
Not far off is a temple of Ammon. The image was dedicated by Pindar: it is a work of Calamis. Pindar also sent a hymn in honour of Ammon to the Ammonians in Libya. This hymn was still to be seen in my time on a triangular slab beside the altar which Ptolemy, son of Lagus, dedicated to Ammon. After the sanctuary of Ammon at Thebes there is what is called the observatory of Tiresias, and near it is a sanctuary of Fortune. Fortune is here represented carrying the child Wealth. The Thebans say that the hands and face of the image are by Xenophon, an Athenian, and the rest by Callistonicus, a native artist. It was a happy thought of these artists to put Wealth in the arms of Fortune as his mother or nurse. Not less happy was the idea of Cephisodotus, who made for the Athenians the image of Peace with Wealth in her arms.
There are wooden images of Aphrodite at Thebes so ancient that they are said to have been dedicated by Harmonia, and to have been made out of the wooden figure-heads of Cadmus’ ships. One of them is called Heavenly, another Vulgar, and the third Averter. These surnames were given to Aphrodite by Harmonia. She called the goddess Heavenly, in reference to a love pure and free from lust: she called her Vulgar, in reference to the intercourse of the sexes; and she called her Averter, in order that she might turn away mankind from lawless desires and unholy deeds. For Harmonia knew that many a rash deed had been done, both in Greece and in foreign lands, such deeds as common fame afterwards ascribed to the mother of Adonis, to Phaedra, daughter of Minos, and to the Thracian Tereus.
They say that the sanctuary of Lawgiver Demeter was once the house of Cadmus and his descendants. The image of Demeter is visible as far as the breast. There are bronze shields preserved here, which are said to have belonged to the Lacedaemonian officers who fell at Leuctra. 4. Beside the Proetidian gate there stands a theatre, and close to the theatre is a temple of Dionysus surnamed the Deliverer. For when some Theban prisoners were being carried off by Thracians and had reached Haliartia, the god delivered them, and gave the slumbering Thracians into their hands to smite with the sword. The Thebans say that one of the two images here is that of Semele; and they say that once a year, on certain stated days, they open the sanctuary. There are also the ruins of the house of Lycus and Semele’s tomb. But there is no tomb of Alcmena, for they say that at her death she was turned into a stone. Their account of her does not agree with that of the Megarians. Indeed, Greek traditions are generally discrepant. Here, too, at Thebes are the tombs of the children of Amphion : the tombs of the sons are separate from those of the girls,
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