τρίτῃ δὲ ὕστερον γενεᾷ μετὰ Πελασγὸν ἔς τε πόλεων καὶ ἐς ἀνθρώπων πλῆθος ἐπέδωκεν ἡ χώρα. Νύκτιμος μὲν γὰρ πρεσβύτατός τε ἦν καὶ εἶχε τὸ πᾶν κράτος· οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι παῖδες τοῦ Λυκάονος πόλεις ἐνταῦθα ἔκτιζον ἔνθα ἑκάστῳ μάλιστα ἦν κατὰ γνώμην. Πάλλας μὲν καὶ Ὀρεσθεὺς καὶ Φίγαλος Παλλάντιον, Ὀρεσθεὺς δὲ Ὀρεσθάσιον, Φιγαλίαν δὲ οἰκίζει Φίγαλος.
Παλλαντίου μὲν δὴ καὶ Στησίχορος ὁ Ἱμεραῖος ἐν Γηρυονηίδι ἐποιήσατο μνήμην· Φιγαλία δὲ καὶ Ὀρεσθάσιον χρόνῳ μεταβάλλουσι τὰ ὀνόματα, Ὀρέστειόν τε ἀπὸ Ὀρέστου κληθεῖσα τοῦ Ἀγαμέμνονος καὶ Φιαλία ἀπὸ τοῦ Βουκολίωνος παιδὸς Φιάλου. Τραπεζεὺς δὲ καὶ Δασεάτας καὶ Μακαρεὺς καὶ Ἑλισσὼν καὶ Ἄκακός τε καὶ Θῶκνος Θωκνίαν πόλιν, ὁ δὲ Ἀκακήσιον ἔκτισεν· ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ τοῦ Ἀκάκου καὶ Ὅμηρος λόγῳ τῷ Ἀρκάδων ἐς Ἑρμῆν ἐποίησεν ἐπίκλησιν·
ἀπὸ δὲ Ἑλισσόντος ἥ τε πόλις καὶ ὁ ποταμὸς Ἑλισσὼν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐσχήκασιν, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ Μακαρία τε καὶ Δασέα καὶ Τραπεζοῦς ἀπὸ τῶν Λυκάονος ἐκλήθησαν καὶ αὗται παίδων. Ὀρχομενὸς δὲ ἐγένετο οἰκιστὴς Μεθυδρίου τε καλουμένης καὶ Ὀρχομενίων, οὓς ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσι πολυμήλους ὠνόμασεν Ὅμηρος. ὑπὸ δὲ Ὑψοῦντος καὶ Μελαινεαί τε ἐκτίσθησαν καὶ Ὑψοῦς, ἔτι δὲ Θυραῖόν τε καὶ Αἱμονιαί· δόξῃ δὲ τῇ Ἀρκάδων καὶ ἡ Θυρέα ἡ ἐν τῇ Ἀργολίδι γῇ καὶ ὁ Θυρεάτης καλούμενος κόλπος ἀπὸ τοῦ Θυραίου τούτου τὰ ὀνόματα ἐσχήκασι.
Μαντινεὺς δὲ καὶ Τεγεάτης καὶ Μαίναλος, ὁ μὲν τῶν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ πόλεων ὀνομαστοτάτην τὸ ἀρχαῖον Μαίναλον, Τεγεάτης δὲ καὶ Μαντινεὺς Τεγέαν κτίζουσι καὶ Μαντίνειαν. ὠνομάσθησαν δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ Κρώμου Κρῶμοι, καὶ Χαρισία Χαρίσιον ἔχουσα οἰκιστήν, Τρικόλωνοι δὲ ἀπὸ Τρικολώνου, καὶ ἀπὸ μὲν Περαίθου Περαιθεῖς, Ἀσέα δὲ ἀπὸ Ἀσεάτα καὶ ἀπὸ Λυκέως Λυκόα καὶ Σουματία ἀπὸ Σουματέως· Ἀλίφηρος δὲ καὶ Ἡραιεὺς ἐπώνυμοι καὶ οὗτοι πόλεσίν εἰσιν ἀμφότεροι.
Οἴνωτρος δὲ ὁ τῶν παίδων νεώτατος Λυκάονι ἀρσένων Νύκτιμον τὸν ἀδελφὸν χρήματα καὶ ἄνδρας αἰτήσας ἐπεραιώθη ναυσὶν ἐς Ἰταλίαν, καὶ ἡ Οἰνωτρία χώρα τὸ ὄνομα ἔσχεν ἀπὸ Οἰνώτρου βασιλεύοντος. οὗτος ἐκ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἐς ἀποικίαν στόλος πρῶτος ἐστάλη· ἀναριθμουμένῳ δὲ ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον οὐδὲ ἐκ τῶν βαρβάρων οὐδένες πρότερον ἢ Οἴνωτρος ἀφίκοντο ἐς τὴν ἀλλοδαπήν.
ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ γένει παντὶ τῷ ἄρσενι θυγάτηρ Λυκάονι ἐγένετο Καλλιστώ. ταύτῃ τῇ Καλλιστοῖ—λέγω δὲ τὰ λεγόμενα ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων—συνεγένετο ἐρασθεὶς Ζεύς· Ἥρα δὲ ὡς ἐφώρασεν, ἐποίησεν ἄρκτον τὴν Καλλιστώ, Ἄρτεμις δὲ ἐς χάριν τῆς Ἥρας κατετόξευσεν αὐτήν. καὶ ὁ Ζεὺς Ἑρμῆν πέμπει σῶσαι τὸν παῖδά οἱ προστάξας, ὃν ἐν τῇ γαστρὶ εἶχεν ἡ Καλλιστώ·
Καλλιστὼ δὲ αὐτὴν ἐποίησεν ἀστέρας καλουμένην ἄρκτον μεγάλην, ἧς καὶ Ὅμηρος ἐν Ὀδυσσέως ἀνάπλῳ παρὰ Καλυψοῦς μνήμην ἔσχε· Πληιάδας τʼ ἐσορῶντα καὶ ὀψὲ δύοντα Βοώτην / ἄρκτον θʼ, ἣν καὶ ἅμαξαν ἐπίκλησιν καλέουσιν. / ἔχοιεν δʼ ἂν καὶ ἄλλως τὸ ὄνομα οἱ ἀστέρες ἐπὶ τιμῇ τῇ Καλλιστοῦς, ἐπεὶ τάφον γε αὐτῆς ἀποφαίνουσιν οἱ Ἀρκάδες.
In the second generation after Pelasgus, both the cities and the population of the country grew in number. For while Nyctimus, the eldest son of Lycaon, had the whole power in his hands, the other sons founded cities where they chose. Thus Pallas founded Pallantium, Orestheus founded Oresthasium, and Phigalus founded Phigalia. Pallantium is mentioned by Stesichorus of Himera in his Geryoneid: Phigalia and Oresthasium afterwards changed their names, the latter being called Oresteum after Orestes, son of Agamemnon, and the former Phialia after Phialus, son of Bucolion. Trapezeus, Daseatas, Macareus, Helisson, Acacus, and Thocnus also founded cities. Thocnus founded Thocnia, and Acacus founded Acacesium. According to the Arcadians, it was from the name of this Acacus that Homer made a surname of Hermes. Helisson gave his name both to the city and to the river of Helisson. Similarly Macaria, Dasea, and Trapezus were called after the sons of Lycaon. Orchomenus became the founder both of Methydrium and of Orchomenus, which latter place Homer calls ‘rich in sheep.’ By Hypsus and . . . were founded Melaeneae and Hypsus, also Thyraeum and Haemoniae ; and the Arcadians believe that Thyrea in Argolis and the Thyrean gulf got their names from this Thyraeus. Maenalus founded Maenalus, which was of old the most renowned city in Arcadia; and Tegeates and Mantineus founded Tegea and Mantinea. Cromi was named after Cromus, and Charisia was founded by Charisius; Tricoloni was called after Tricolonus, Peraethenses after Peraethus, Asea after Aseatas, and . . Lycoa and Sumatia after Sumateus. Alipherus and Heraeus also gave their names to cities.
But Oenotrus, the youngest son of Lycaon, asked goods and men from his brother Nyctimus, and crossed in ships to Italy, and became king of the country which was called Oenotria after him. This was the first expedition that set out from Greece to found a colony ; and, on a careful reckoning, it will appear that neither were there any of the barbarians that migrated to a foreign land before Oenotrus. 3. Besides all this family of sons, Lycaon had a daughter Callisto. This Callisto (I merely repeat the common Greek story) was loved by Zeus, who had an intrigue with her. When Hera found it out she turned Callisto into a bear, and Artemis, to please Hera, shot the bear down. Zeus sent Hermes with orders to save the child whom Callisto bore in her womb; and Callisto herself he changed into the stars known as the Great Bear, which Homer mentions in the return voyage of Ulysses from Calypso :— Watching the Pleiades and late-setting Bootes, And the Bear, which also they call the Wain. But perhaps these stars are so called merely out of compliment to Callisto, for the Arcadians point out her grave.
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