Ἀρκάδων δὲ τὰ πρὸς τῆς Ἀργείας Τεγεᾶταί τε ἔχουσι καὶ Μαντινεῖς, νέμονται δὲ οὗτοί τε καὶ τὸ ἄλλο Ἀρκαδικὸν τὸ μεσόγαιον τῆς Πελοποννήσου. Κορίνθιοι γὰρ οἰκοῦσιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἰσθμῷ πρῶτοι· Κορινθίοις δὲ τὰ πρὸς θαλάσσης εἰσὶν Ἐπιδαύριοι γείτονες· τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἐπίδαυρον καὶ Τροιζῆνά τε καὶ Ἑρμιόνα ὁ κόλπος ἐστὶν ὁ Ἀργολικὸς καὶ ὅσα ἐπιθαλάσσια τῆς Ἀργείας· ταύτης δὲ ἔχονται τῆς χώρας Λακεδαιμονίων περίοικοι, τούτοις δὲ ὅμορος ἡ Μεσσηνία· καταβαίνει γὰρ μέχρι θαλάσσης ἐς Μοθώνην καὶ Πύλον καὶ ἐπὶ Κυπαρισσιάς.
τὰ δὲ πρὸς Λεχαίου Κορινθίοις Σικυώνιοι προσοικοῦσιν ἔσχατοι ταύτῃ μοίρας τῆς Ἀργολίδος· μετὰ δὲ Σικυῶνα Ἀχαιοὶ τὸ ἐντεῦθέν εἰσιν οἱ παρὰ τὸν αἰγιαλὸν οἰκοῦντες· τὸ δὲ ἕτερον Πελοποννήσου πέρας τὸ ἀπαντικρὺ τῶν Ἐχινάδων οἰκοῦσιν Ἠλεῖοι· τῆς δὲ γῆς τῆς Ἠλείας κατὰ μὲν Ὀλυμπίαν καὶ τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ τὰς ἐκβολὰς πρὸς τὴν Μεσσηνίαν εἰσὶν ὅροι, τὰ δὲ πρὸς Ἀχαΐαν Δυμαίων εἰσὶν ὅμοροι.
τούτων τῶν κατειλεγμένων καθηκόντων ἐπὶ θάλασσαν Ἀρκάδες τὸ ἐντὸς οἰκοῦσιν ἀποκλειόμενοι θαλάσσης πανταχόθεν· ὅθεν σφᾶς καὶ Ὅμηρος ἀφικέσθαι φησὶν ἐς Τροίαν παρʼ Ἀγαμέμνονος πλοῖα εἰληφότας καὶ οὐχὶ ναυσὶν οἰκείαις.
φασὶ δὲ Ἀρκάδες ὡς Πελασγὸς γένοιτο ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ πρῶτος. εἰκὸς δὲ ἔχει τοῦ λόγου καὶ ἄλλους ὁμοῦ τῷ Πελασγῷ μηδὲ αὐτὸν Πελασγὸν γενέσθαι μόνον· ποίων γὰρ ἂν καὶ ἦρχεν ὁ Πελασγὸς ἀνθρώπων; μεγέθει μέντοι καὶ κατὰ ἀλκὴν καὶ κάλλος προεἶχεν ὁ Πελασγὸς καὶ γνώμην ὑπὲρ τοὺς ἄλλους ἦν, καὶ τούτων ἕνεκα αἱρεθῆναί μοι δοκεῖ βασιλεύειν ὑπʼ αὐτῶν. πεποίηται δὲ καὶ Ἀσίῳ τοιάδε ἐς αὐτόν· Ἀντίθεον δὲ Πελασγὸν ἐν ὑψικόμοισιν ὄρεσσι / γαῖα μέλαινʼ ἀνέδωκεν, ἵνα θνητῶν γένος εἴη. /
Πελασγὸς δὲ βασιλεύσας τοῦτο μὲν ποιήσασθαι καλύβας ἐπενόησεν, ὡς μὴ ῥιγοῦν τε καὶ ὕεσθαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μηδὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ καύματος ταλαιπωρεῖν· τοῦτο δὲ τοὺς χιτῶνας τοὺς ἐκ τῶν δερμάτων τῶν οἰῶν, οἷς καὶ νῦν περί τε Εὔβοιαν ἔτι χρῶνται καὶ ἐν τῇ Φωκίδι ὁπόσοι βίου σπανίζουσιν, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἐξευρών. καὶ δὴ καὶ τῶν φύλλων τὰ ἔτι χλωρὰ καὶ πόας τε καὶ ῥίζας οὐδὲ ἐδωδίμους, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὀλεθρίους ἐνίας σιτουμένους τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τούτων μὲν ἔπαυσεν ὁ Πελασγός·
ὁ δὲ τὸν καρπὸν τῶν δρυῶν οὔτι που πασῶν, ἀλλὰ τὰς βαλάνους τῆς φηγοῦ τροφὴν ἐξεῦρεν εἶναι. παρέμεινέ τε ἐνίοις ἐς τοσοῦτο ἀπὸ Πελασγοῦ τούτου ἡ δίαιτα, ὡς καὶ τὴν Πυθίαν, ἡνίκα Λακεδαιμονίοις γῆς τῆς Ἀρκάδων ἀπηγόρευεν ἅπτεσθαι, καὶ τάδε εἰπεῖν τὰ ἔπη· πολλοὶ ἐν Ἀρκαδίῃ βαλανηφάγοι ἄνδρες ἔασιν, / οἵ σʼ ἀποκωλύσουσιν· ἐγὼ δέ τοι οὔ τι μεγαίρω. / Πελασγοῦ δὲ βασιλεύοντος γενέσθαι καὶ τῇ χώρᾳ Πελασγίαν φασὶν ὄνομα.
THE part of Arcadia that borders on Argolis is occupied by the Tegeans and Mantineans. They and the rest of the Arcadians inhabit the interior of Peloponnese. The first people in Peloponnese are the Corinthians, who dwell on the Isthmus: their neighbours on the sea-coast are the Epidaurians. Along Epidaurus, Troezen, and Hermion, and the coast of Argolis, stretches the Argolic Gulf. Next to Argolis is the land which is held by the vassals of Lacedaemon. Bordering on it is Messenia, which comes down to the coast at Mothone, Pylus, and Cyparissiae. On the side of Lechaeum the Corinthian territory is bounded by that of Sicyon, which forms the farthest point of Argolis in this direction. After Sicyon come the Achaeans on the sea-coast; and the other end of Peloponnese, opposite to the Echinadian islands, is inhabited by the Eleans. The land of Elis toward Olympia and the mouth of the Alpheus is bordered by Messenia; and on the side of Achaia it marches with the territory of Dyme. All these districts extend to the coast, but the Arcadians inhabit the interior, being shut off from the sea on every side ; hence Homer says that they came to Troy in vessels which they had borrowed from Agamemnon, not in ships of their own.
The Arcadians say that Pelasgus was the first man who lived in this land. But it is probable that there were other people with Pelasgus, and that he did not live alone; for otherwise what people could he have ruled over? In stature, valour, and beauty, however, he was pre-eminent, and in judgment he surpassed all his fellows ; and that, I suppose, was why he was chosen king by them. The poet Asius says of him :— Godlike Pelasgus on the wooded hills The black earth bore, that mortal men might live. When Pelasgus became king he contrived huts, in order that men should not shiver with cold, nor be drenched by rain, nor faint with heat. He also devised shirts made of pig-skins, such as poor folk still wear in Euboea and Phocis. It was he, too, who weaned men from the custom of eating green leaves, grasses, and roots, of which none were edible, and some were even poisonous. On the other hand, he introduced as food the fruit of oak-trees, not of all oaks, but only the acorns of the phegos oak. Since his time some of the people have adhered so closely to this diet that even the Pythian priestess, in forbidding the Lacedaemonians to touch the land of the Arcadians, spoke the following verses :— There are many acorn-eating men in Arcadia Who will prevent you ; though I do not grudge it you. They say that in the reign of Pelasgus the country was named Pelasgia.
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