Homer · Odyssey Ὀδύσσεια

Homer, Odyssey 10.1–79: Aeolus and the bag of winds

Odysseus and his men come to the island of Aeolus, keeper of the winds, who entertains them for a month and gives Odysseus a bag in which all the winds are bound except the West Wind. They sail for nine days and are in sight of Ithaca when Odysseus falls asleep, and his men, thinking that the bag holds treasure, open it. The storm winds carry them back to Aeolus' island, and Aeolus refuses to help a man the gods hate.

Lines 10.1–79 · 885 words · click a number to copy its link
1Αἰολίην δʼ ἐς νῆσον ἀφικόμεθʼ· ἔνθα δʼ ἔναιεν Αἴολος Ἱπποτάδης, φίλος ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν, πλωτῇ ἐνὶ νήσῳ· πᾶσαν δέ τέ μιν πέρι τεῖχος χάλκεον ἄρρηκτον, λισσὴ δʼ ἀναδέδρομε πέτρη. 5τοῦ καὶ δώδεκα παῖδες ἐνὶ μεγάροις γεγάασιν, ἓξ μὲν θυγατέρες, ἓξ δʼ υἱέες ἡβώοντες· ἔνθʼ ὅ γε θυγατέρας πόρεν υἱάσιν εἶναι ἀκοίτις. οἱ δʼ αἰεὶ παρὰ πατρὶ φίλῳ καὶ μητέρι κεδνῇ δαίνυνται, παρὰ δέ σφιν ὀνείατα μυρία κεῖται, 10κνισῆεν δέ τε δῶμα περιστεναχίζεται αὐλῇ ἤματα· νύκτας δʼ αὖτε παρʼ αἰδοίῃς ἀλόχοισιν εὕδουσʼ ἔν τε τάπησι καὶ ἐν τρητοῖσι λέχεσσι. καὶ μὲν τῶν ἱκόμεσθα πόλιν καὶ δώματα καλά. μῆνα δὲ πάντα φίλει με καὶ ἐξερέεινεν ἕκαστα, 15Ἴλιον Ἀργείων τε νέας καὶ νόστον Ἀχαιῶν· καὶ μὲν ἐγὼ τῷ πάντα κατὰ μοῖραν κατέλεξα. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ καὶ ἐγὼν ὁδὸν ᾔτεον ἠδʼ ἐκέλευον πεμπέμεν, οὐδέ τι κεῖνος ἀνήνατο, τεῦχε δὲ πομπήν.

“Then to the Aeolian isle we came, where dwelt Aeolus, son of Hippotas, dear to the immortal gods, in a floating island, and all around it is a wall of unbreakable bronze, and the cliff runs up sheer. Twelve children of his, too, there are in the halls, six daughters and six sturdy sons, and he gave his daughters to his sons to wife. These, then, feast continually by their dear father and good mother, and before them lies boundless good cheer. And the house, filled with the savour of feasting, resounds all about even in the outer court by day, and by night again they sleep beside their chaste wives on blankets and on corded bedsteads. To their city, then, and fair palace did we come, and for a full month he made me welcome and questioned me about each thing, about Ilios, and the ships of the Argives, and the return of the Achaeans. And I told him all the tale in due order. But when I, on my part, asked him that I might depart and bade him send me on my way, he, too, denied me nothing, but furthered my sending.

19δῶκε δέ μʼ ἐκδείρας ἀσκὸν βοὸς ἐννεώροιο, 20ἔνθα δὲ βυκτάων ἀνέμων κατέδησε κέλευθα· κεῖνον γὰρ ταμίην ἀνέμων ποίησε Κρονίων, ἠμὲν παυέμεναι ἠδʼ ὀρνύμεν, ὅν κʼ ἐθέλῃσι. νηὶ δʼ ἐνὶ γλαφυρῇ κατέδει μέρμιθι φαεινῇ ἀργυρέῃ, ἵνα μή τι παραπνεύσῃ ὀλίγον περ· 25αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ πνοιὴν Ζεφύρου προέηκεν ἀῆναι, ὄφρα φέροι νῆάς τε καὶ αὐτούς· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλεν ἐκτελέειν· αὐτῶν γὰρ ἀπωλόμεθʼ ἀφραδίῃσιν. ἐννῆμαρ μὲν ὁμῶς πλέομεν νύκτας τε καὶ ἦμαρ, τῇ δεκάτῃ δʼ ἤδη ἀνεφαίνετο πατρὶς ἄρουρα, 30καὶ δὴ πυρπολέοντας ἐλεύσσομεν ἐγγὺς ἐόντες· ἔνθʼ ἐμὲ μὲν γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἐπήλυθε κεκμηῶτα, αἰεὶ γὰρ πόδα νηὸς ἐνώμων, οὐδέ τῳ ἄλλῳ δῶχʼ ἑτάρων, ἵνα θᾶσσον ἱκοίμεθα πατρίδα γαῖαν· οἱ δʼ ἕταροι ἐπέεσσι πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον, 35καί μʼ ἔφασαν χρυσόν τε καὶ ἄργυρον οἴκαδʼ ἄγεσθαι δῶρα παρʼ Αἰόλου μεγαλήτορος Ἱπποτάδαο. ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν ἰδὼν ἐς πλησίον ἄλλον· ὦ πόποι, ὡς ὅδε πᾶσι φίλος καὶ τίμιός ἐστιν ἀνθρώποις, ὅτεών τε πόλιν καὶ γαῖαν ἵκηται.

He gave me a wallet, made of the hide of an ox nine years old, which he flayed, and therein he bound the paths of the blustering winds; for the son of Cronos had made him keeper of the winds, both to still and to rouse whatever one he will. And in my hollow ship he bound it fast with a bright cord of silver, that not a breath might escape, were it never so slight. But for my furtherance he sent forth the breath of the West Wind to blow, that it might bear on their way both ships and men. Yet this he was not to bring to pass, for we were lost through our own folly. “For nine days we sailed, night and day alike, and now on the tenth our native land came in sight, and lo, we were so near that we saw men tending the beacon fires. Then upon me came sweet sleep in my weariness, for I had ever kept in hand the sheet of the ship, and had yielded it to none other of my comrades, that we might the sooner come to our native land. But my comrades meanwhile began to speak one to another, and said that I was bringing home for myself gold and silver as gifts from Aeolus, the great-hearted son of Hippotas. And thus would one speak, with a glance at his neighbor: “‘Out on it, how beloved and honored this man is by all men, to whose city and land soever he comes!

40πολλὰ μὲν ἐκ Τροίης ἄγεται κειμήλια καλὰ ληίδος, ἡμεῖς δʼ αὖτε ὁμὴν ὁδὸν ἐκτελέσαντες οἴκαδε νισσόμεθα κενεὰς σὺν χεῖρας ἔχοντες· καὶ νῦν οἱ τάδʼ ἔδωκε χαριζόμενος φιλότητι Αἴολος. ἀλλʼ ἄγε θᾶσσον ἰδώμεθα ὅττι τάδʼ ἐστίν, 45ὅσσος τις χρυσός τε καὶ ἄργυρος ἀσκῷ ἔνεστιν. ὣς ἔφασαν, βουλὴ δὲ κακὴ νίκησεν ἑταίρων· ἀσκὸν μὲν λῦσαν, ἄνεμοι δʼ ἐκ πάντες ὄρουσαν. τοὺς δʼ αἶψʼ ἁρπάξασα φέρεν πόντονδε θύελλα κλαίοντας, γαίης ἄπο πατρίδος. αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γε 50ἐγρόμενος κατὰ θυμὸν ἀμύμονα μερμήριξα, ἠὲ πεσὼν ἐκ νηὸς ἀποφθίμην ἐνὶ πόντῳ, ἦ ἀκέων τλαίην καὶ ἔτι ζωοῖσι μετείην. ἀλλʼ ἔτλην καὶ ἔμεινα, καλυψάμενος δʼ ἐνὶ νηὶ κείμην. αἱ δʼ ἐφέροντο κακῇ ἀνέμοιο θυέλλῃ 55αὖτις ἐπʼ Αἰολίην νῆσον, στενάχοντο δʼ ἑταῖροι. ἔνθα δʼ ἐπʼ ἠπείρου βῆμεν καὶ ἀφυσσάμεθʼ ὕδωρ, αἶψα δὲ δεῖπνον ἕλοντο θοῇς παρὰ νηυσὶν ἑταῖροι.

Much goodly treasure is he carrying with him from the land of Troy from out the spoil, while we, who have accomplished the same journey as he, are returning, bearing with us empty hands. And now Aeolus has given him these gifts, granting them freely of his love. Nay, come, let us quickly see what is here, what store of gold and silver is in the wallet.’ “So they spoke, and the evil counsel of my comrades prevailed. They loosed the wallet, and all the winds leapt forth, and swiftly the storm-wind seized them and bore them weeping out to sea away from their native land; but as for me, I awoke, and pondered in my goodly heart whether I should fling myself from the ship and perish in the sea, or endure in silence and still remain among the living. However, I endured and abode, and covering my head lay down in the ship. But the ships were borne by an evil blast of wind back to the Aeolian isle; and my comrades groaned. “There we went ashore and drew water, and straightway my comrades took their meal by the swift ships.

58αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ σίτοιό τʼ ἐπασσάμεθʼ ἠδὲ ποτῆτος, δὴ τότʼ ἐγὼ κήρυκά τʼ ὀπασσάμενος καὶ ἑταῖρον 60βῆν εἰς Αἰόλου κλυτὰ δώματα· τὸν δʼ ἐκίχανον δαινύμενον παρὰ ᾗ τʼ ἀλόχῳ καὶ οἷσι τέκεσσιν. ἐλθόντες δʼ ἐς δῶμα παρὰ σταθμοῖσιν ἐπʼ οὐδοῦ ἑζόμεθʼ· οἱ δʼ ἀνὰ θυμὸν ἐθάμβεον ἔκ τʼ ἐρέοντο· πῶς ἦλθες, Ὀδυσεῦ; τίς τοι κακὸς ἔχραε δαίμων; 65ἦ μέν σʼ ἐνδυκέως ἀπεπέμπομεν, ὄφρʼ ἀφίκοιο πατρίδα σὴν καὶ δῶμα καὶ εἴ πού τοι φίλον ἐστίν. ὣς φάσαν, αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ μετεφώνεον ἀχνύμενος κῆρ· ἄασάν μʼ ἕταροί τε κακοὶ πρὸς τοῖσί τε ὕπνος σχέτλιος. ἀλλʼ ἀκέσασθε, φίλοι· δύναμις γὰρ ἐν ὑμῖν. 70ὣς ἐφάμην μαλακοῖσι καθαπτόμενος ἐπέεσσιν, οἱ δʼ ἄνεῳ ἐγένοντο· πατὴρ δʼ ἠμείβετο μύθῳ· ἔρρʼ ἐκ νήσου θᾶσσον, ἐλέγχιστε ζωόντων· οὐ γάρ μοι θέμις ἐστὶ κομιζέμεν οὐδʼ ἀποπέμπειν ἄνδρα τόν, ὅς κε θεοῖσιν ἀπέχθηται μακάρεσσιν· 75ἔρρε, ἐπεὶ ἄρα θεοῖσιν ἀπεχθόμενος τόδʼ ἱκάνεις. ὣς εἰπὼν ἀπέπεμπε δόμων βαρέα στενάχοντα. ἔνθεν δὲ προτέρω πλέομεν ἀκαχήμενοι ἦτορ. τείρετο δʼ ἀνδρῶν θυμὸς ὑπʼ εἰρεσίης ἀλεγεινῆς ἡμετέρῃ ματίῃ, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι φαίνετο πομπή.

But when we had tasted of food and drink, I took with me a herald and one companion and went to the glorious palace of Aeolus, and I found him feasting beside his wife and his children. So we entered the house and sat down by the doorposts on the threshold, and they were amazed at heart, and questioned us: “‘How hast thou come hither, Odysseus? What cruel god assailed thee? Surely we sent thee forth with kindly care, that thou mightest reach thy native land and thy home, and whatever place thou wouldest.’ “So said they, but I with a sorrowing heart spoke among them and said: ‘Bane did my evil comrades work me, and therewith sleep accursed; but bring ye healing, my friends, for with you is the power.’ “So I spoke and addressed them with gentle words, but they were silent. Then their father answered and said: “‘Begone from our island with speed, thou vilest of all that live. In no wise may I help or send upon his way that man who is hated of the blessed gods. Begone, for thou comest hither as one hated of the immortals.’ “So saying, he sent me forth from the house, groaning heavily. Thence we sailed on, grieved at heart. And worn was the spirit of the men by the grievous rowing, because of our own folly, for no longer appeared any breeze to bear us on our way.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1919). Original text: Augustus Taber Murray (ed.), Homer, The Odyssey, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1919, vols. 1-2 (Greek text, based on the Oxford Classical Text, and English translation, as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Odyssey 10.1–79: Aeolus and the bag of winds | Homer