Pindar · Isthmian Odes Ἰσθμιονῖκαι

Pindar, Isthmian Odes 3.1–4.72: Isthmians 3-4: for Melissus — Ajax and Heracles against Antaeus

Isthmian 3 praises Melissus of Thebes, victor in the chariot race, and says that the gods alone are free from change. Isthmian 4 praises his pancratium victory at the Isthmus, recalls Ajax who fell on his own sword at Troy, and tells how the Theban hero Heracles, small of stature but unflinching, went to the land of Antaeus in Libya to put a stop to his murders. It ends with the trainer Orseas, whose name Pindar joins with that of the victor.

Lines 3.1–4.72 · 1100 words · click a number to copy its link
1εἴ τις ἀνδρῶν εὐτυχήσαις ἢ σὺν εὐδόξοις ἀέθλοις ἢ σθένει πλούτου κατέχει φρασὶν αἰανῆ κόρον, ἄξιος εὐλογίαις ἀστῶν μεμίχθαι. Ζεῦ, μεγάλαι δʼ ἀρεταὶ θνατοῖς ἕπονται 5ἐκ σέθεν· ζώει δὲ μάσσων ὄλβος ὀπιζομένων, πλαγίαις δὲ φρένεσσιν οὐχ ὁμῶς πάντα χρόνον θάλλων ὁμιλεῖ. εὐκλέων δʼ ἔργων ἄποινα χρὴ μὲν ὑμνῆσαι τὸν ἐσλόν, χρὴ δὲ κωμάζοντʼ ἀγαναῖς χαρίτεσσιν βαστάσαι. ἔστι δὲ καὶ διδύμων ἀέ θλων Μελίσσῳ 10μοῖρα πρὸς εὐφροσύναν τρέψαι γλυκεῖαν ἦτορ, ἐν βάσσαισιν Ἰσθμοῦ δεξαμένῳ στεφάνους, τὰ δὲ κοίλᾳ λέοντος ἐν βαθυστέρνου νάπᾳ κάρυξε Θήβαν ἱπποδρομίᾳ κρατέων. ἀνδρῶν δʼ ἀρετὰν σύμφυτον οὐ κατελέγχει. 15ἴστε μὰν Κλεωνύμου δόξαν παλαιὰν ἅρμασιν· καὶ ματρόθε Λαβδακίδαισιν σύννομοι πλούτου διέστειχον τετραοριᾶν πόνοις. αἰὼν δὲ κυλινδομέναις ἁμέραις ἄλλʼ ἄλλοτʼ ἐξάλλαξεν· ἄτρωτοί γε μὰν παῖδες θεῶν.

If any one among men hath had good fortune, by the winning of glorious prizes, or by might of wealth, yet in his heart restraineth insatiate insolence, such a man is worthy to be blended with his townsmen’s praises. For, from thee, O Zeus, do mighty merits attend upon mortals ; and, when they reverence thee, their good fortune hath a longer life, but with froward hearts it liveth not in prosperity for all time alike. But, as a guerdon for glorious exploits, it is meet for us to celebrate the hero, and, amid triumph-songs, exalt him with kindly hymns of praise. Even in two contests hath good fortune been shared by Melissus, to turn his heart to sweet good-cheer. For, in the vales of the Isthmus, hath he won garlands, and again, in the hollow dell of the deep-chested lion, did he cause Thébé to be proclaimed by his victory in the chariot-race. And he bringeth no disgrace on the manliness inherited from his fathers. Ye know, I ween, the olden glory of Cleénymus in the chariot-races : and, being on their mother’s side akin to the Labdacidae, they walked in the ways of wealth with toilsome training of their teams of four horses. But time with its rolling days bringeth manifold changes; scatheless indeed are none but the sons of the gods.

1ἔστι μοι θεῶν ἕκατι μυρία παντᾷ κέλευθος· ὦ Μέλισσʼ, εὐμαχανίαν γὰρ ἔφανας Ἰσθμίοις ὑμετέρας ἀρετὰς ὕμνῳ διώκειν· αἷσι Κλεωνυμίδαι θάλλοντες αἰεὶ 5σὺν θεῷ θνατὸν διέρχονται βιότου τέλος. ἄλλοτε δʼ ἀλλοῖος οὖρος πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἐπαΐσσων ἐλαύνει. τοὶ μὲν ὦν Θήβαισι τιμάεντες ἀρχᾶθεν λέγονται πρόξενοί τʼ ἀμφικτιόνων κελαδεννᾶς τʼ ὀρφανοὶ ὕβριος· ὅσσα δʼ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους ἄηται 10μαρτύρια φθιμένων ζωῶν τε φωτῶν ἀπλέτου δόξας, ἐπέψαυσαν κατὰ πᾶν τέλος· ἀνορέαις δʼ ἐσχάταισιν οἴκοθεν στάλαισιν ἅπτονθʼ Ἡρακλείαις· καὶ μηκέτι μακροτέραν σπεύδειν ἀρετάν. ἱπποτρόφοι τʼ ἐγένοντο, 15χαλκέῳ τʼ Ἄρει ἅδον. ἀλλʼ ἁμέρᾳ γὰρ ἐν μιᾷ ἀνδρῶν ἐρήμωσεν μάκαιραν ἑστίαν·

Thanks to the gods, I have countless paths opening on every side, for thou, Melissus, at the Isthmian games, hast shown me a ready resource to celebrate in song the valour of thy race ;— the valour with which the sons of Cleénymus flourish evermore, as they pass with heaven’s blessing to the term of mortal life. But changeful are the gales that at changeful times rush down upon all men and speed them on. These men verily are spoken of as honoured of old in Thebes, as patrons of the neighbour-towns, and as untainted by boisterous insolence ; and, as for the memorials of men now dead or of men that live, the memorials of boundless fame that fly through all the world—all of these did they attain in all their fulness. And by far-reaching deeds of native valour, did they touch the pillars of Heracles; and let none pursue prowess that passeth beyond that bound! Aye, and they became breeders of horses, and were the joy of the mail-clad Arés. But alas! for, on a single day, the rude hail-storm of war bereft a happy hearth of four of its heroes; but now, once

18χθὼν ὥτε φοινικέοισιν ἄνθησεν ῥόδοις δαιμόνων βουλαῖς. ὁ κινητὴρ δὲ γᾶς Ὀγχηστὸν οἰκέων 20καὶ γέφυραν ποντιάδα πρὸ Κορίνθου τειχέων, τόνδε πορὼν γενεᾷ θαυμαστὸν ὕμνον ἐκ λεχέων ἀνάγει φάμαν παλαιὰν εὐκλέων ἔργων· ἐν ὕπνῳ γὰρ πέσεν· ἀλλʼ ἀνεγειρομένα χρῶτα λάμπει, Ἀωσφόρος θαητὸς ὣς ἄστροις ἐν ἄλλοις· 25ἅ τε κἀν γουνοῖς Ἀθανᾶν ἅρμα καρύξαισα νικᾶν ἔν τʼ Ἀδραστείοις ἀέθλοις Σικυῶνος ὤπασεν τοιάδε τῶν τότʼ ἐόντων φύλλʼ ἀοιδᾶν. οὐδὲ παναγυρίων ξυνᾶν ἀπεῖχον καμπύλον δίφρον, Πανελλάνεσσι δʼ ἐριζόμενοι δαπάνᾳ χαῖρον ἵππων. 30τῶν ἀπειράτων γὰρ ἄγνωστοι σιωπαί, ἔστιν δʼ ἀφάνεια τύχας καὶ μαρναμένων, πρὶν τέλος ἄκρον ἱκέσθαι· τῶν τε γὰρ καὶ τῶν διδοῖ· καὶ κρέσσονʼ ἀνδρῶν χειρόνων 35ἔσφαλε τέχνα καταμάρψαισʼ. ἴστε μὰν Αἴαντος ἀλκὰν φοίνιον, τὰν ὀψίᾳ

more, after the wintry gloom of the many-hued months, hath the ground, as it were, blossomed anew with ruddy roses by the will of heaven. And the shaker of the earth, who dwelleth at Onchéstus, and on the wave-washed reef before the walls of Corinth, by granting that house this wondrous ode of victory, raiseth from her resting-place the olden fame of noble deeds; for she was fallen on sleep; but now she is roused again with beaming form, like the star of morning, a sight to see amid the other stars—that olden fame which, even in the fertile fields of Athens, proclaimed their chariot as victorious, and also in Sicyon at the games of Adrastus; and thus gave them from the bards of old leaves of minstrelsy that are like unto mine. Nor from the general games did they keep aloof their curved chariot, but striving with all the Hellenic hosts, they rejoiced in spending their wealth upon steeds. For those who make no trial have an inglorious obscurity; and, even when men strive indeed, fortune doth not show herself until they reach the final goal. For she giveth of this, and of that; and ere now hath the skill of weaker men overtaken and overturned a stronger than they. Verily ye know of the valorous form of the blood-dyed Aias, which at the dead of night he pierced by

36ἐν νυκτὶ ταμὼν περὶ ᾧ φασγάνῳ, μομφὰν ἔχει παίδεσσιν Ἑλλάνων ὅσοι Τρῴανδʼ ἔβαν. ἀλλʼ Ὅμηρός τοι τετίμακεν διʼ ἀνθρώπων, ὃς αὐτοῦ πᾶσαν ὀρθώσαις ἀρετὰν κατὰ ῥάβδον ἔφρασεν θεσπεσίων ἐπέων λοιποῖς ἀθύρειν. 40τοῦτο γὰρ ἀθάνατον φωνᾶεν ἕρπει, εἴ τις εὖ εἴπῃ τι· καὶ πάγκαρπον ἐπὶ χθόνα καὶ διὰ πόντον βέβακεν ἑργμάτων ἀκτὶς καλῶν ἄσβεστος αἰεί. προφρόνων Μοισᾶν τύχοιμεν, κεῖνον ἅψαι πυρσὸν ὕμνων καὶ Μελίσσῳ, παγκρατίου στεφάνωμʼ ἐπάξιον, 45ἔρνεϊ Τελεσιάδα. τόλμᾳ γὰρ εἰκὼς θυμὸν ἐριβρεμετᾶν θηρῶν λεόντων ἐν πόνῳ, μῆτιν δʼ ἀλώπηξ, αἰετοῦ ἅ τʼ ἀναπιτναμένα ῥόμβον ἴσχει. χρὴ δὲ πᾶν ἔρδοντα μαυρῶσαι τὸν ἐχθρόν. οὐ γὰρ φύσιν Ὠαριωνείαν ἔλαχεν· 50ἀλλʼ ὀνοτὸς μὲν ἰδέσθαι, συμπεσεῖν δʼ ἀκμᾷ βαρύς.

falling on his own sword, thus bringing blame on all the sons of the Greeks, as many as went to Troy. But lo! he is honoured throughout all the world by Homer, who, having set forth all his prowess, told it after the rule of his epic divine for other bards to toy with. For whatsoever one hath well said goeth forth with a voice that never dieth; and thus, o’er the fruitful earth and athwart the sea, hath passed the light of noble deeds unquenchable for ever. O may we win the favour of the Muses, that, for Melissus also, we may kindle that torch of song, as a well-won prize from the pancratium, even for this scion of the race of Telesias. For, in toil of conflict, he resembleth the spirit of loudly-roaring lions in boldness, while, in craft, he is like the fox, which lieth on her back and so stayeth the swoop of the eagle. But right it is to leave naught undone in throwing one’s adversary into the shade. For fate had not allotted him the stature of an Orion, but he was mean to look upon, though heavy to grapple with in his strength.

52καίτοι πότʼ Ἀνταίου δόμους Θηβᾶν ἀπὸ Καδμεϊᾶν μορφὰν βραχύς, ψυχὰν δʼ ἄκαμπτος, προσπαλαίσων ἦλθʼ ἀνὴρ τὰν πυροφόρον Λιβύαν, κρανίοις ὄφρα ξένων ναὸν Ποσειδάωνος ἐρέφοντα σχέθοι, 55υἱὸς Ἀλκμήνας· ὃς Οὐλυμπόνδʼ ἔβα, γαίας τε πάσας καὶ βαθύκρημνον πολιᾶς ἁλὸς ἐξευρὼν θέναρ, ναυτιλίαισί τε πορθμὸν ἁμερώσαις. νῦν δὲ παρʼ Αἰγιόχῳ κάλλιστον ὄλβον ἀμφέπων ναίει, τετίματαί τε πρὸς ἀθανάτων φίλος, Ἥβαν τʼ ὀπυίει, 60χρυσέων οἴκων ἄναξ καὶ γαμβρὸς Ἥρας. τῷ μὲν Ἀλεκτρᾶν ὕπερθεν δαῖτα πορσύνοντες ἀστοὶ καὶ νεόδματα στεφανώματα βωμῶν αὔξομεν ἔμπυρα χαλκοαρᾶν ὀκτὼ θανόντων, τοὺς Μεγάρα τέκε οἱ Κρειοντὶς υἱούς· 65τοῖσιν ἐν δυθμαῖσιν αὐγᾶν φλὸξ ἀνατελλομένα συνεχὲς παννυχίζει αἰθέρα κνις άε ντι λακτίζοισα καπνῷ, καὶ δεύτερον ἆμαρ ἐτείων τέρμʼ ἀέθλων γίνεται, ἰσχύος ἔργον. ἔνθα λευκωθεὶς κάρα

Yet, once on a time, from Thebes, the city of Cadmus, there went a hero, short in stature, but in soul unflinching, even unto the home of Antaeus, in corn-bearing Libya, to stay him from roofing Poseidon’s temple with the skulls of strangers, even Aleméné’s son ; who to Olympus passed, after he had tracked out all the lands and even the cliff-girt level of the foaming sea, and had tamed the wild straits for the seamen. And now he dwelleth beside the aegis-bearer,' lord of a happiness supreme, by the immortals honoured as a friend; and is wedded to Hébé, is king of a golden home, and husband of Héra’s daughter. For him, above the Electran gates, we Thebans, busily preparing the banquet, and setting the circle of our newly built altars, kill many a victim in honour of those eight slain warriors, the sons whom Megara, Creon’s daughter, bare him—the sons for whom the flame ariseth in the gloaming, and blazeth for the livelong night, lashing with fragrant reek the height of heaven. And, on the second day, is that struggle of strength, the crowning event of the annual games. And there it was that our hero, with head enwreathed with myrtle white, showed

70μύρτοις ὅδʼ ἀνὴρ διπλόαν νίκαν ἀνεφάνατο παίδων τε τρίταν πρόσθεν, κυβερνατῆρος οἰακοστρόφου γνώμᾳ πεπιθὼν πολυβούλῳ. σὺν Ὀρσέᾳ δέ νιν κωμάξομαι, τερπνὰν ἐπιστάζων χάριν.

forth a double victory, after another won erstwhile among the boys by heeding the wise counsels of his helmsman and trainer, Orseas. Linking his own name with that of Orseas, I shall honour him in the triumph-song, shedding on both my glad tribute of praise.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Sir John Sandys (1915). Original text: Sir John Sandys (ed.), The Odes of Pindar, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1915 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus from the 1937 reprint).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (OCR from the Internet Archive scan). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.