τὰ μὲν οὖν πλεῖστα τῶν ἐν ποσὶν ἐθνῶν ἐτύγχανεν ὁ Βροῦτος ὑπήκοα πεποιημένος. εἰ δέ τις ἢ πόλις ἢ δυνάστης παρεῖτο, τότε πάντας προσαγόμενοι μέχρι τῆς κατὰ Θάσον θαλάσσης προῆλθον.
Most of the peoples encountered on the march Brutus had already brought into subjection; and now, whatever city or potentate had been omitted, they won them all over, and advanced as far as the Thasian sea.
ἐκεῖ δὲ τῶν περὶ Νορβανὸν ἐν τοῖς Στενοῖς λεγομένοις καὶ περὶ τὸ Σύμβολον στρατοπεδευόντων, περιελθόντες αὐτοὺς ἠνάγκασαν ἀποστῆναι καὶ προέσθαι τὰ χωρία.
There Norbanus and his army were encamped, at what were called The Narrows, and near Symbolum; but they surrounded him and compelled him to withdraw and abandon his positions.
μικροῦ δὲ καὶ τὴν δύναμιν αὐτῶν λαβεῖν ἐδέησαν, ὑπολειπομένου διὰ νόσον Καίσαρος, εἰ μὴ προσεβοήθησεν Ἀντώνιος ὀξύτητι θαυμαστῇ χρησάμενος, ὥστʼ ἀπιστεῖν τοὺς περὶ Βροῦτον.
They almost captured his forces, too, since Octavius was delayed by sickness; and they would have done so had not Antony come to his aid with such astonishing swiftness that Brutus could not believe in it.
ἦλθε δὲ Καῖσαρ ὕστερον ἡμέραις δέκα, καὶ κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἐναντίον Βρούτου, Κασσίου δὲ Ἀντώνιος.
Octavius came, however, ten days later, and encamped over against Brutus, while Antony faced Cassius. The plains between the armies the Romans call Campi Philippi,
τὰ δʼ ἐν μέσῳ τῶν στρατοπέδων πεδία Ῥωμαῖοι κάμπους Φιλίππους καλοῦσι· καὶ μέγισται τότε Ῥωμαίων δυνάμεις ἀλλήλαις συνεφέροντο. πλήθει μὲν οὖν οὐ παρʼ ὀλίγον ἐλείποντο τῶν περὶ Καίσαρα, κόσμῳ δʼ ὅπλων καὶ λαμπρότητι θαυμαστὸν ἐξεφάνη τὸ Βρούτου στράτευμα.
and Roman forces of such size had never before encountered one another. In numbers the army of Brutus was much inferior to that of Octavius, but in the splendid decoration of its arms it presented a wonderful sight.
χρυσὸς γὰρ ἦν αὐτοῖς τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν ὅπλων καὶ ἄργυρος ἀφειδῶς καταχορηγηθείς, καίπερ εἰς τἆλλα τοῦ Βρούτου σώφρονι διαίτῃ καὶ κεκολασμένῃ χρῆσθαι τοὺς ἡγεμόνας ἐθίζοντος.
For most of their armour was covered with gold and silver, with which Brutus had lavishly supplied them, although in other matters he accustomed his officers to adopt a temperate and restricted regimen.
τὸν δʼ ἐν χερσὶ καὶ περὶ τὸ σῶμα πλοῦτον ᾤετό τι καὶ φρονήματος παρέχειν τοῖς φιλοτιμοτέροις, τοὺς δὲ φιλοκερδεῖς καὶ μαχιμωτέρους ποιεῖν, ὥσπερ κτημάτων τῶν ὅπλων περιεχομένους.
But he thought that the wealth which they held in their hands and wore upon their persons gave additional spirit to the more ambitious, and made the covetous even more warlike, since they clung to their armour as so much treasure.
οἱμὲν οὖν περὶ Καίσαρα καθαρμὸν ἐν τῷ χάρακι ποιησάμενοι, μικρόν τι σίτου καί δραχμὰς κατʼ ἄνδρα πέντε διένειμαν εἷς θυσίαν,
Octavius and Antony now made a lustration of their armies in their camps, and then distributed a little meal and five drachmas to every man for a sacrifice;
οἱ δὲ περὶ Βροῦτον καταγνόντες αὐτῶν τῆς ἀπορίας ἢ μικρολογίας, πρῶτον μὲν ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ τὸν στρατὸν, ὥσπερ ἔθος ἐστὶν, ἐκάθηραν, ἔπειθʼ ἱερείων πλήθη κατὰ λόχους καί δραχμὰς ἑκάστῳ πεντήκοντα διαδόντες, εὐνοίᾳ καί προθυμίᾳ τῆς δυνάμεωςπλέον εἶχον.
but Brutus and Cassius, despising their enemies’ poverty or parsimony, first made lustration of their armies in the open field, as the custom is, and then distributed great numbers of cattle for sacrifice among their cohorts, and fifty drachmas to every soldier, and thus, in the goodwill and zeal of their forces, they were at an advantage.
οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ σημεῖον ἐν τῷ καθαρμῷ μοχθηρὸν ἔδοξε Κασσίῳ γενέσθαι, τὸν γὰρ στέφανον αὐτῷ κατεστραμμένον ὁ ῥαβδοῦχος προσήνεγκε.
However, it was thought that Cassius had a baleful sign during the lustration; for the lictor brought him his wreath turned upside down.
λέγεται δὲ καί πρότερον ἐν θέᾳ τινὶ καί πομπῇ χρυσῆν Κασσίου Νίκην διαφερομένηνπεσεῖν, ὀλισθόντος τοῦ φέροντος.
And it is said that before this, also, in a procession at some festival, a golden Victory belonging to Cassius, which was being borne along, fell to the ground, its bearer having slipped.
ἔτι δʼ ὄρνεά τε σαρκοφάγα πολλὰ καθʼ ἡμέραν ἐπεφαίνετο τῷ στρατοπέδῳ, καί μελισσῶν ὤφθησαν ἑσμοὶ συνιστάμενοι περὶ τόπον τινὰ τοῦ χάρακος ἐντός,
And besides, many carrion birds hovered over the camp daily, and swarms of bees were seen clustering at a certain place inside the camp;
ὃν ἐξέκλεισαν οἱ μάντεις ἀφοσιούμενοι τὴν δεισιδαιμονίαν ἀτρέμα καί τόν Κάσσιον αὑτὸν ὑποφέρουσαν ἐκ τῶν Ἐπικούρου λόγων, τοὺς δὲ στρατιώτας παντάπασι δεδουλωμένην.
this place the soothsayers shut off from the rest of the camp, in order to avert by their rites the superstitious fears which were gradually carrying even Cassius himself away from his Epicurean doctrines, and which had altogether subjugated his soldiers.
ὅθεν οὐδʼ ἦν πρόθυμος διὰ μάχης ἐν τῷ παρόντι γενέσθαι τὴν κρίσιν, ἀλλὰ τρίβειν ἠξίου χρόνῳ τόν πόλεμον, ἐρρωμένους χρήμασιν, ὅπλων δὲ καί σωμάτων πλήθει λειπομένους.
For these reasons Cassius was not eager to have the issue decided by battle at present, but thought it best to protract the war, since they were strong financially, although inferior in the number of their arms and men.
Βροῦτος δὲ καί πρότερον ἔσπευδε τῷ ταχίστῳ τῶν κινδύνων διακριθεὶς ἢ τῇ πατρίδι τὴν ἐλευθερίαν ἀναλαβεῖν ἢ πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἐνοχλουμένους δαπάναις καί στρατείαις καί προστάγμασιν ἀπαλλάξαι κακῶν, καί τότε τοὺς περὶ αὑτὸν ἱππεῖς ὁρῶν ἐν τοῖς προάγωσι καί ταῖς ἁψιμαχίαις εὐημεροῦντας καί κρατοῦντας ἐξῆρτο τὸ φρόνημα·
Brutus, however, even before this had been anxious to have the issue decided by the speediest of hazards, that he might either restore freedom to his country, or relieve mankind of calamitous expenditures and requisitions for military service. At this time, too, he saw that his horsemen were successful and victorious in the preliminary skirmishes, and was therefore lifted up in spirit.
καί τινες αὐτομολίαι γενόμεναι πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους καί διαβολαὶ καθʼ ἑτέρων καί ὑπόνοιαι πολλοὺς τῶν Κασσίου φίλων μετέστησαν ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ πρὸς Βροῦτον.
Besides, sundry desertions to the enemy, and suspicions and assertions that others would follow, brought many of the friends of Cassius in the council over to the side of Brutus.
εἷς δὲ τῶν Βρούτου φίλων Ἀτίλλιος ἠναντιοῦτο, τόν γε χειμῶνα περιμεῖναι κελεύων. ἐρομένου δὲ τοῦ Βρούτου τινὶβελτίων ἔσεσθαι νομίζει μετʼ ἐνιαυτόν, εἰ μηδὲν, εἶπεν, ἄλλο, πλείω βιώσομαι χρόνον.
But one of the friends of Brutus, Atillius, opposed his wishes, and urged delay till winter at least was past. And when Brutus asked him how he thought he would be better off another year, If in no other way, said Atillius, I shall have lived longer.
πρὸς τοῦτο Κάσσιος ἐδυσχέρανε, καί τοῖς ἄλλοις προσέκρουσεν οὐ μετρίως ὁ Ἀτίλλιος. ἐδέδοκτο δὴ μάχεσθαι τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ.
At this answer Cassius was vexed, and the rest also were not a little annoyed by Atillius. So it was presently decided to give battle on the next day.
καὶ Βροῦτος μὲν ἐν ἐλπίσι καλαῖς καὶ λογισμοῖς φιλοσόφοις γενόμενος παρὰ τὸ δεῖπνον ἀνεπαύετο· Κάσσιον δὲ Μεσσάλας φησὶ δειπνεῖν τε καθʼ ἑαυτόν ὀλίγους τῶν συνήθων παραλαβόντα, καὶ σύννουν ὁρᾶσθαι καὶ σιωπηλόν, οὐ φύσει τοιοῦτον ὄντα·
Brutus was full of hopefulness at supper, and after engaging in philosophical discussion, went to rest; but Cassius, as Messala tells us, supped in private with a few of his intimates, and was seen to be silent and pensive, contrary to his usual nature.
παυσαμένου δὲ τοῦ δείπνου λαβόμενον τῆς χειρὸς αὐτοῦ σφόδρα τοσοῦτον εἰπεῖν, ὥσπερ εἰώθει φιλοφρονούμενος, Ἑλληνικῇ φωνῇ·
When supper was over, he grasped Messala’s hand warmly, and, speaking in Greek, as was his custom when he would show affection, said:
μαρτύρομαί σε,Μεσσάλα, ταὐτὰ Πομπηΐῳ Μάγνῳ πάσχειν, ἀναγκαζόμενος διὰ μιᾶς μάχης ἀναρρῖψαι τὸν περὶ τῆς πατρίδος κύβον. ἀγαθὴν μέντοι ψυχὴν ἔχωμεν εἰς τὴν Τύχην ἀφορῶντες, κἂν βουλευσώμεθα κακῶς, ἀπιστεῖν οὐ δίκαιον.
I call thee to witness, Messala, that I am in the same plight as Pompey the Great, in that I am forced to hazard the fate of my country on the issue of a single battle. With good courage, however, let us fix our waiting eyes on Fortune, of whom, even though our counsels be infirm, it is not right that we should be distrustful.
ταῦτα εἰπόντα φησὶν ό Μεσσάλας τελευταῖα πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀσπάσασθαι τὸν Κάσσιον εἶναι δὲ κεκλημένος εἰς τὴν ὑστεραίαν ἐπὶ δεῖπνον ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ γενέθλιον οὖσαν.
With these last words to him, Messala says, Cassius embraced him; and he had already invited him to supper on the following day, which was his birthday.
ἅμα δʼ ἡμέρᾳ προὔκειτο μὲν τῷ Βρούτου χάρακι καὶ τῷ Κασσίου σύμβολον ἀγῶνος φοινικοῦς χιτών, αὐτοὶ δὲ συνῆλθον εἰς τὸ μέσον τῶν στρατοπέδων καὶ λέγει Κάσσιος·
As soon as it was day, a scarlet tunic, the signal for battle, was displayed before the camps of Brutus and Cassius, and they themselves came together into the space between their armies Here Cassius said:
εἴημὲν, ὦ Βροῦτε, νικᾶν καὶ συνεῖναι τὸν πάντα χρόνον ἀλλήλοις εὖ πράξαντας· ἐπεὶ δὲ τὰ μέγιστα τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων ἀδηλότατα, καὶ τῆς μάχης παρὰ γνώμην κριθείσης οὐ ῥᾴδιον αὖθις ἀλλήλους ἰδεῖν,τί γινώσκεις περὶ φυγῆς καὶ τελευτῆς;
May we be victorious, Brutus, and ever afterwards share a mutual prosperity; but since the most important of human affairs are most uncertain, and since, if the battle goes contrary to our wishes, we shall not easily see one another again, what is thy feeling about flight and death?
καὶ ὁ Βροῦτος ἀπεκρίνατο· νέος ὢν ἐγὼ, Κάσσιε, καὶ πραγμάτων ἄπειρος, οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅπως ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ λόγον ἀφῆκα μέγαν. ᾐτιασάμην Κάτωνα διαχρησάμενον ἑαυτόν, ὡς οὐχ ὅσιον οὐδʼ ἀνδρὸς ἔργον ὑποχωρεῖν τῷ δαίμονι καὶ μὴ δέχεσθαι τὸ συμπῖπτον ἀδεῶς, ἀλλʼ ἀποδιδράσκειν.
And Brutus made answer: When I was a young man, Cassius, and without experience of the world, I was led, I know not how, to speak too rashly for a philosopher. I blamed Cato for making away with himself, on the ground that it was impious and unmanly to yield to one’s evil genius, not accepting fearlessly whatever befalls, but running away.
νυνὶ δʼ ἀλλοῖος ἐν ταῖς τύχαις γίνομαι· καὶ θεοῦ καλῶς τὰ παρόντα μὴ βραβεύσαντος οὐ δέομαι πάλιν ἄλλας ἐλπίδας ἐξελέγχειν καὶ παρασκευάς, ἀλλʼ ἀπαλλάξομαι τὴν Τύχην ἐπαινῶν· Μαρτίαις εἰδοῖς δοὺς τῇ πατρίδι τὸν ἐμαυτοῦ βίον ἄλλον ἔζησα διʼ ἐκείνην ἐλεύθερον καὶ ἔνδοξον.
In my present fortunes, however, I am become of a different mind; and if God does not decide the present issue in our favour, do not ask once more to put fresh hopes and preparations to the test, but I will go hence with words of praise for Fortune; on the Ides of March I gave my own life to my country, and since their, for her sake, I have lived another life of liberty and glory.
ἐπὶ τούτοις Κάσσιος ἐμειδίασε καὶ τὸν Βροῦτον ἀσπασάμενος, ταῦτα, ἔφη, φρονοῦντες ἴωμεν ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους, ἢ γὰρ νικήσομεν ἢ νικῶντας οὐ φοβηθησόμεθα.
At these words Cassius smiled, and after embracing Brutus, said: Thus minded, let us go against the enemy; for either we shall be victorious, or we shall not fear the victors.
μετὰ ταῦτα περὶ τάξεως αὐτοῖς λόγος ἐγένετο τῶν φίλων παρόντων, καὶ Βροῦτος ᾐτεῖτο Κάσσιον αὐτὸς ἡγεῖσθαι τοῦ δεξιοῦ κέρατος, ὃ διʼ ἐμπειρίαν καὶ ἡλικίαν μᾶλλον ᾤοντο Κασσίῳ προσήκειν.
After this, they conferred together about the order of battle in the presence of their friends. And Brutus asked Cassius that he might have command of the right wing himself, although his years and experience made this post seem more appropriate for Cassius.
οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτο Κάσσιος ἔδωκε, καὶ τῶν ταγμάτων τὸ μαχιμώτατον ἔχοντα Μεσσάλαν ἐκέλευσεν ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ καταστῆναι.
However, Cassius not only granted him this favour, but also ordered Messala with the most warlike of the legions to take position on the right.
καὶ Βροῦτος εὐθὺς ἐξῆγε τοὺς ἱππεῖς κεκοσμημένους διαπρεπῶς, καὶ τὸ πεζὸν οὐ σχολαίτερον παρενέβαλλεν.
Brutus at once led out his horsemen magnificently equipped, and with no less promptness put his infantry also in array.
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