ἑνδεκάτῳ δὲ ἔτει τῆς πολιορκίας τήν τε Εἶραν ἐπέπρωτο ἁλῶναι καὶ ἀναστάτους γενέσθαι Μεσσηνίους, καὶ δή σφισιν ἐπετέλεσεν ὁ θεὸς Ἀριστομένει καὶ Θεόκλῳ χρησθέν τι. τούτοις γὰρ ἐλθοῦσιν ἐς Δελφοὺς μετὰ τὴν ἐπὶ τῇ τάφρῳ πληγὴν καὶ ἐπερομένοις ὑπὲρ σωτηρίας τοσόνδε εἶπεν ἡ Πυθία· εὖτε τράγος πίνῃσι Νέδης ἑλικόρροον ὕδωρ, / οὐκέτι Μεσσήνην ῥύομαι· σχεδόθεν γὰρ ὄλεθρος. /
εἰσὶ δὲ αἱ πηγαὶ τῆς Νέδας ἐν ὄρει τῷ Λυκαίῳ· προελθὼν δὲ ὁ ποταμὸς διὰ τῆς Ἀρκάδων καὶ ἐπιστρέψας αὖθις ἐς τὴν Μεσσηνίαν ὁρίζει τὰ ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ Μεσσηνίοις καὶ Ἠλείοις τὴν γῆν. τότε δὲ οἳ μὲν τοὺς αἶγας τοὺς ἄρρενας ἐδεδοίκεσαν μὴ πίνωσιν ἀπὸ τῆς Νέδας· τοῖς δὲ ἄρα ὁ δαίμων προεσήμαινε τοιόνδε. τὸ δένδρον τὸν ἐρινεόν εἰσιν Ἑλλήνων οἳ καλοῦσιν ὀλύνθην, Μεσσήνιοι δὲ αὐτοὶ τράγον. τότε οὖν πρὸς τῇ Νέδᾳ πεφυκὼς ἐρινεὸς οὐκ ἐς εὐθὺ ηὔξητο, ἀλλὰ ἔς τε τὸ ῥεῦμα ἐπέστρεφε καὶ τοῦ ὕδατος ἄκροις τοῖς φύλλοις ἐπέψαυε.
θεασάμενος δὲ ὁ μάντις Θέοκλος συνεβάλετο ὡς τὸν τράγον τὸν πίνοντα ἐκ τῆς Νέδας προεῖπεν ἡ Πυθία τὸν ἐρινεὸν τοῦτον καὶ ὡς ἤδη Μεσσηνίοις ἥκει τὸ χρεών· καὶ ἐς μὲν τοὺς ἄλλους εἶχεν ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ, Ἀριστομένην δὲ πρός τε τὸν ἐρινεὸν ἤγαγε καὶ ἀνεδίδασκεν ὡς τῆς σωτηρίας ἐξήκοι σφίσιν ὁ χρόνος. Ἀριστομένης δὲ ἔχειν οὕτω πείθεται καὶ ἀναβολὴν οὐκέτι εἶναί σφισι, προενοήσατο δὲ καὶ ἐκ τῶν παρόντων.
καὶ ἦν γάρ τι ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις, ἔμελλε δὲ ἀφανισθὲν ὑποβρύχιον τὴν Μεσσήνην κρύψειν τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα, φυλαχθὲν δὲ οἱ Λύκου τοῦ Πανδίονος χρησμοὶ Μεσσηνίους ἔλεγον χρόνῳ ποτὲ ἀνασώσεσθαι τὴν χώραν· τοῦτο δὴ ὁ Ἀριστομένης ἅτε ἐπιστάμενος τοὺς χρησμούς, ἐπεὶ νὺξ ἐγίνετο, ἐκόμιζε. παραγενόμενος δὲ ἔνθα τῆς Ἰθώμης ἦν τὸ ἐρημότατον, κατώρυξεν ἐς Ἰθώμην τὸ ὄρος, καὶ Δία Ἰθώμην ἔχοντα καὶ θεοὺς οἳ Μεσσηνίους ἐς ἐκεῖνο ἔσωζον φύλακας μεῖναι τῆς παρακαταθήκης αἰτούμενος, μηδὲ ἐπὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις ποιῆσαι τὴν μόνην καθόδου Μεσσηνίοις ἐλπίδα.
μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις ἤρχετο, καθὸ καὶ Τρωσὶν ἔτι πρότερον, γίνεσθαι κακὰ ἀπὸ μοιχείας. ἐπεκράτουν μὲν αὐτοὶ τοῦ τε ὄρους καὶ τοῦ πρὸς τὴν Εἶραν ἄχρι τῆς Νέδας, ἦσαν δὲ οἰκήσεις καὶ ἔξω πυλῶν ἐνίοις. αὐτόμολος δὲ ἐς αὐτοὺς ἐκ τῆς Λακωνικῆς ἄλλος μὲν ἀφίκετο οὐδείς, οἰκέτης δὲ Ἐμπεράμου βουκόλος ἐλαύνων τοῦ δεσπότου τὰς βοῦς· ὁ δὲ Ἐμπέραμος ἦν ἀνὴρ ἐν Σπάρτῃ δόκιμος.
οὗτος ὁ βουκόλος ἔνεμεν οὐ πόρρω τῆς Νέδας. ἀνδρὸς οὖν τῶν Μεσσηνίων τῶν οὐκ ἐντὸς τείχους ἐχόντων οἴκησιν γυναῖκα εἶδεν ἐφʼ ὕδωρ ἐλθοῦσαν· ἐρασθεὶς δὲ διαλεχθῆναί τε ἐτόλμησε καὶ δοὺς δῶρα συγγίνεται. καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου τὸν ἄνδρα παρεφύλασσεν αὐτῆς, ὁπότε ἀποχωρήσειεν ἐς τὴν φρουράν. ἀνὰ μέρος δὲ τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις τῆς ἀκροπόλεως ἐπήγετο ἡ φυλακή· ταύτῃ γὰρ τοὺς πολεμίους μάλιστα ἐδεδοίκεσαν μὴ ὑπερβῶσιν αὐτοῖς ἐς τὴν πόλιν. ὁπότε οὖν οὗτος ἀποχωρήσειε, τηνικαῦτα ὁ βουκόλος ἐφοίτα παρὰ τὴν γυναῖκα.
καί ποτε ἔτυχε σὺν ἄλλοις ἐς ἐκεῖνον περιήκουσα ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ἡ φυλακή, ἔτυχε δὲ καὶ ὕειν πολλῷ τὸν θεόν, καὶ ἐκλείπουσιν οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τὴν φρουράν· τὸ γὰρ ὕδωρ ἐβιάζετο σφᾶς ἀθρόον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταχεόμενον, οὔτε ἐπάλξεων ἐνῳκοδομημένων οὔτε πύργων ὑπὸ σπουδῆς τοῦ τειχισμοῦ, καὶ ἅμα οὐδὲ κινήσεσθαι τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἤλπιζον ἐν ἀσελήνῳ νυκτὶ καὶ οὕτω χειμερίῳ.
Ἀριστομένης δὲ οὐ πολλαῖς πρότερον ἡμέραις Κεφαλλῆνα ἔμπορον, ἑαυτῷ ξένον καὶ ἐσάγοντα ἐς τὴν Εἶραν ὁπόσων ἐδέοντο, ἑαλωκότα ὑπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ τοξοτῶν Ἀπτεραίων ὧν ἦρχεν Εὐρύαλος Σπαρτιάτης, τοῦτον τὸν Κεφαλλῆνα ἀφαιρούμενος ἐκεῖνον μὲν καὶ τὰ χρήματα ὁπόσα ἦγεν ἀπέσωσεν, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐτέτρωτο καὶ οὐκ ἐδύνατο ἐπιφοιτᾶν τοῖς φυλάσσουσι καθάπερ εἰώθει. τοῦτο μάλιστα αἴτιον ἐγένετο ἐκλειφθῆναι τὴν ἀκρόπολιν·
τῶν τε δὴ ἄλλων ἕκαστος ἀνεχώρησεν ἀπὸ τῆς φρουρᾶς καὶ τῆς ὑπὸ τοῦ βουκόλου μοιχευομένης ὁ ἀνήρ. ἡ δὲ τηνικαῦτα ἔνδον εἶχε τὸν βουκόλον, αἰσθάνεταί τε τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἐπιόντος καὶ αὐτίκα ὡς τάχους εἶχεν ἀποκρύπτει τὸν ἄνθρωπον. ἐσελθόντα δὲ τὸν ἄνδρα ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο ὡς οὔπω πρότερον καὶ ἠρώτα καθʼ ἥν τινα αἰτίαν ἥκοι. ὁ δὲ οὔτε μεμοιχευμένην εἰδὼς οὔτε ἔνδον ὄντα τὸν βουκόλον ἐχρῆτο τῷ ἀληθεῖ λόγῳ, καὶ αὐτός τε διὰ τοῦ ὄμβρου τὸ βίαιον καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἕκαστον ἔφασκεν ἀπολελοιπέναι τὴν φρουράν.
ἐπηκροᾶτο δὲ λέγοντος ὁ βουκόλος, καὶ ὡς ἀκριβῶς ἐπύθετο ἕκαστα, αὖθις ἐκ τῶν Μεσσηνίων ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἀφίκετο αὐτόμολος. Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ οἱ μὲν βασιλεῖς ἀπὸ στρατοπέδου τηνικαῦτα ἀπῆσαν, πολεμαρχῶν δὲ τότε Ἐμπέραμος ὁ τοῦ βουκόλου δεσπότης προσεκάθητο τῇ Εἴρᾳ. ἀφικόμενος οὖν ἐς τοῦτον πρῶτα μὲν τὸ ἐπὶ τῷ δρασμῷ παρῃτεῖτο ἁμάρτημα, δεύτερα δὲ ἀνεδίδασκεν ὡς τὴν Εἶραν ἐν τῷ παρόντι μάλιστα αἱρήσουσιν, αὐτὰ ἕκαστα ὁπόσα ᾔσθετο τοῦ Μεσσηνίου διηγούμενος.
But in the eleventh year of the siege it was fated that Ira should be taken and the Messenians driven from their homes. In truth, the god fulfilled upon them an oracle which he had given to Aristomenes and Theoclus. For when they went to Delphi after the defeat at the Trench, and asked how they could be saved, the Pythian priestess answered them thus :— When a he-goat drinks Neda’s eddying water I will save Messene no more, for destruction is near. The springs of the Neda are in Mount Lycaeus, and the river, after flowing through Arcadia and turning again towards Messenia, forms the boundary between the coast districts of Messenia and Elis. So the Messenians feared lest the he-goats should drink of the Neda; but after all what the deity foreshadowed was this. The wild fig-tree is called by some Greeks […], but the Messenians call it tragos (‘he-goat’). Well, in those days there was a wild fig-tree by the Neda which did not grow straight, but bent towards the stream and brushed the water with the tips of its leaves. Theoclus, the seer, observing this, inferred that by ‘the goat drinking of the Neda’ the Pythian priestess signified this fig-tree, and he concluded that the doom of the Messenians was now come. From the rest he kept it secret, but he took Aristomenes to the fig-tree, and showed him that their time of grace had expired. Though persuaded that it was so, and that their last hour had come, Aristomenes nevertheless took such precautions as the circumstances allowed.
The Messenians had a certain secret thing: if it were to disappear entirely, Messenia would be lost for ever; but if it were preserved, the oracles of Lycus, son of Pandion, declared that the Messenians would one day recover the country. So when night was falling, Aristomenes, who knew the oracles, carried the thing to the loneliest part of Ithome, and there buried it on the mountain, imploring Zeus, god of Ithome, and the gods who had hitherto saved the Messenians, to remain guardians of the trust committed to them, and not to suffer the only hope the Messenians had of a restoration to their home to fall into the hands of the Lacedaemonians.
After that misfortunes began to betide Messenia in consequence of an adultery, as they had betided Troy before. The Messenians were masters of the mountain and of the skirts of Ira as far as the Neda, and some of them had even dwellings outside the gates. No deserter came to them from Laconia except a slave of Emperamus : he was a cowherd, and brought his master’s cows with him. His master, Emperamus, was a man of repute in Sparta. This cowherd grazed his herd not far from the Neda. Now one of the Messenians, whose house was outside the walls, had a wife, and the cowherd saw her when she came for water. Being smitten with her he made bold to speak to her, and by presents he won her. After that he used to watch for the times when her husband went away on garrison duty. For the Messenians took turns of guarding the acropolis, that being the place by which they especially feared lest the enemy should make his way into the city. So whenever he went away the cowherd visited the woman. Well, one night when it came to the husband’s turn to mount guard with some others, it happened to be raining heavily, and the guard quitted their posts. For the rain, pouring down in sheets, drove them away, there being no battlements or towers, so hastily had the walls been built. Besides, they never dreamed that the Lacedaemonians would stir in such wild weather on a moonless night. Not many days before Aristomenes had been wounded in rescuing a Cephallenian merchant, his friend, from a party of Lacedaemonians and Apteraean archers, who were commanded by Euryalus, a Spartan. The merchant was bringing into Ira a supply of necessaries when he was taken by the enemy. Aristomenes saved him and his goods, but was himself wounded, and so could not go the round of the watch as was his wont. This was the chief cause of the acropolis being deserted. So they all quitted their posts, including the husband of the faithless wife. She had the cowherd in the house at the time, and hearing her husband coming she hid her lover as fast as she could. When her husband entered she welcomed him more kindly than she had ever done before, and asked what brought him home. But he, not knowing that she was false and that the cowherd was in the house, told the truth, and said that he and the rest had left their posts on account of the violence of the rain. The cowherd listened to him, and when he had heard it all exactly, he deserted back from the Messenians to the Lacedaemonians. The kings were absent from the Lacedaemonian camp at the time, and the commander of the besieging force was Emperamus, the cowherd’s master. So the cowherd went to him, and after begging forgiveness for having run away, he explained that now was the time to take Ira, and he recounted all he had heard from the Messenian.
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