τοιαῦτα μὲν αὐτοῖς συμβαίνοντα εἶδον· ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῇ Ἀθηναίων ἀκροπόλει καὶ Περικλῆς ὁ Ξανθίππου καὶ αὐτὸς Ξάνθιππος, ὃς ἐναυμάχησεν ἐπὶ Μυκάλῃ Μήδοις. ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν Περικλέους ἀνδριὰς ἑτέρωθι ἀνάκειται, τοῦ δὲ Ξανθίππου πλησίον ἕστηκεν Ἀνακρέων ὁ Τήιος, πρῶτος μετὰ Σαπφὼ τὴν Λεσβίαν τὰ πολλὰ ὧν ἔγραψεν ἐρωτικὰ ποιήσας· καί οἱ τὸ σχῆμά ἐστιν οἷον ᾄδοντος ἂν ἐν μέθῃ γένοιτο ἀνθρώπου. γυναῖκας δὲ πλησίον Δεινομένης Ἰὼ τὴν Ἰνάχου καὶ Καλλιστὼ τὴν Λυκάονος πεποίηκεν, αἷς ἀμφοτέραις ἐστὶν ἐς ἅπαν ὅμοια διηγήματα ἔρως Διὸς καὶ Ἥρας ὀργὴ καὶ ἀλλαγὴ τῇ μὲν ἐς βοῦν, Καλλιστοῖ δὲ ἐς ἄρκτον.
πρὸς δὲ τῷ τείχει τῷ Νοτίῳ γιγάντων, οἳ περὶ Θρᾴκην ποτὲ καὶ τὸν ἰσθμὸν τῆς Παλλήνης ᾤκησαν, τούτων τὸν λεγόμενον πόλεμον καὶ μάχην πρὸς Ἀμαζόνας Ἀθηναίων καὶ τὸ Μαραθῶνι πρὸς Μήδους ἔργον καὶ Γαλατῶν τὴν ἐν Μυσίᾳ φθορὰν ἀνέθηκεν Ἄτταλος, ὅσον τε δύο πηχῶν ἕκαστον. ἕστηκε δὲ καὶ Ὀλυμπιόδωρος, μεγέθει τε ὧν ἔπραξε λαβὼν δόξαν καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα τῷ καιρῷ, φρόνημα ἐν ἀνθρώποις παρασχόμενος συνεχῶς ἐπταικόσι καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ οὐδὲ ἓν χρηστὸν οὐδὲ ἐς τὰ μέλλοντα ἐλπίζουσι.
τὸ γὰρ ἀτύχημα τὸ ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ ἅπασι τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἦρξε κακοῦ καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα δούλους ἐποίησε τοὺς ὑπεριδόντας καὶ ὅσοι μετὰ Μακεδόνων ἐτάχθησαν. τὰς μὲν δὴ πολλὰς Φίλιππος τῶν πόλεων εἷλεν, Ἀθηναίοις δὲ λόγῳ συνθέμενος ἔργῳ σφᾶς μάλιστα ἐκάκωσε, νήσους τε ἀφελόμενος καὶ τῆς ἐς τὰ ναυτικὰ παύσας ἀρχῆς. καὶ χρόνον μέν τινα ἡσύχασαν Ἀθηναῖοι Φιλίππου βασιλεύοντος καὶ ὕστερον Ἀλεξάνδρου· τελευτήσαντος δὲ Ἀλεξάνδρου Μακεδόνες μὲν βασιλεύειν εἵλοντο Ἀριδαῖον, Ἀντιπάτρῳ δὲ ἐπετέτραπτο ἡ πᾶσα ἀρχή, καὶ Ἀθηναίοις οὐκέτι ἀνεκτὰ ἐφαίνετο εἰ τὸν πάντα χρόνον ἔσται ἐπὶ Μακεδόσι τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, ἀλλʼ αὐτοί τε πολεμεῖν ὥρμηντο καὶ ἄλλους ἐς τὸ ἔργον ἤγειρον.
ἐγένοντο δὲ αἱ μετασχοῦσαι πόλεις Πελοποννησίων μὲν Ἄργος Ἐπίδαυρος Σικυὼν Τροιζὴν Ἠλεῖοι Φλιάσιοι Μεσσήνη, οἱ δὲ ἔξω τοῦ Κορινθίων ἰσθμοῦ Λοκροὶ Φωκεῖς Θεσσαλοὶ Κάρυστος Ἀκαρνᾶνες ἐς τὸ Αἰτωλικὸν συντελοῦντες· Βοιωτοὶ δὲ Θηβαίων ἠρημωμένην τὴν γῆν τὴν Θηβαΐδα νεμόμενοι δέει μὴ Θήβας αὖθις Ἀθηναῖοί σφισιν ἐποικίζωσιν οὔτε ἐς τὴν συμμαχίαν ἐτάσσοντο καὶ ἐς ὅσον ἧκον δυνάμεως τὰ Μακεδόνων ηὖξον.
τοὺς δὲ ἐς τὸ συμμαχικὸν ταχθέντας κατὰ πόλεις τε ἑκάστους ἦγον στρατηγοὶ καὶ τοῦ παντὸς ἄρχειν ᾕρητο Ἀθηναῖος Λεωσθένης πόλεώς τε ἀξιώματι καὶ αὐτὸς εἶναι δοκῶν πολέμων ἔμπειρος. ὑπῆρχε δέ οἱ καὶ πρὸς πάντας εὐεργεσία τοὺς Ἕλληνας· ὁπόσοι γὰρ μισθοῦ παρὰ Δαρείῳ καὶ σατράπαις ἐστρατεύοντο Ἕλληνες, ἀνοικίσαι σφᾶς ἐς τὴν Περσίδα θελήσαντος Ἀλεξάνδρου Λεωσθένης ἔφθη κομίσας ναυσὶν ἐς τὴν Εὐρώπην. καὶ δὴ καὶ τότε ὧν ἐς αὐτὸν ἤλπισαν ἔργα λαμπρότερα ἐπιδειξάμενος παρέσχεν ἀποθανὼν ἀθυμῆσαι πᾶσι καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ οὐχ ἥκιστα σφαλῆναι· φρουρά τε Μακεδόνων ἐσῆλθεν Ἀθηναίοις, οἳ Μουνυχίαν, ὕστερον δὲ καὶ Πειραιᾶ καὶ τείχη μακρὰ ἔσχον.
Ἀντιπάτρου δὲ ἀποθανόντος Ὀλυμπιὰς διαβᾶσα ἐξ Ἠπείρου χρόνον μέν τινα ἦρξεν ἀποκτείνασα Ἀριδαῖον, οὐ πολλῷ δὲ ὕστερον ἐκπολιορκηθεῖσα ὑπὸ Κασσάνδρου παρεδόθη τῷ πλήθει. Κάσσανδρος δὲ βασιλεύσας—τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἀθηναίους ἐπέξεισί μοι μόνα ὁ λόγος—Πάνακτον τεῖχος ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ καὶ Σαλαμῖνα εἷλε τύραννόν τε Ἀθηναίοις ἔπραξε γενέσθαι Δημήτριον τὸν Φανοστράτου, δόξαν εἰληφότα ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ. τοῦτον μὲν δὴ τυραννίδος ἔπαυσε Δημήτριος ὁ Ἀντιγόνου, νέος τε ὢν καὶ φιλοτίμως πρὸς τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν διακείμενος·
Κάσσανδρος δὲ—δεινὸν γάρ τι ὑπῆν οἱ μῖσος ἐς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους—, ὁ δὲ αὖθις Λαχάρην προεστηκότα ἐς ἐκεῖνο τοῦ δήμου, τοῦτον τὸν ἄνδρα οἰκειωσάμενος τυραννίδα ἔπεισε βουλεῦσαι, τυράννων ὧν ἴσμεν τά τε ἐς ἀνθρώπους μάλιστα ἀνήμερον καὶ ἐς τὸ θεῖον ἀφειδέστατον. Δημητρίῳ δὲ τῷ Ἀντιγόνου διαφορὰ μὲν ἦν ἐς τὸν δῆμον ἤδη τῶν Ἀθηναίων, καθεῖλε δὲ ὅμως καὶ τὴν Λαχάρους τυραννίδα· ἁλισκομένου δὲ τοῦ τείχους ἐκδιδράσκει Λαχάρης ἐς Βοιωτούς, ἅτε δὲ ἀσπίδας ἐξ ἀκροπόλεως καθελὼν χρυσᾶς καὶ αὐτὸ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς τὸ ἄγαλμα τὸν περιαιρετὸν ἀποδύσας κόσμον ὑπωπτεύετο εὐπορεῖν μεγάλως χρημάτων.
Λαχάρην μὲν οὖν τούτων ἕνεκα κτείνουσιν ἄνδρες Κορωναῖοι· Δημήτριος δὲ ὁ Ἀντιγόνου τυράννων ἐλευθερώσας Ἀθηναίους τό τε παραυτίκα μετὰ τὴν Λαχάρους φυγὴν οὐκ ἀπέδωκέ σφισι τὸν Πειραιᾶ καὶ ὕστερον πολέμῳ κρατήσας ἐσήγαγεν ἐς αὐτὸ φρουρὰν τὸ ἄστυ, τὸ Μουσεῖον καλούμενον τειχίσας. ἔστι δὲ ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου τοῦ ἀρχαίου τὸ Μουσεῖον ἀπαντικρὺ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως λόφος, ἔνθα Μουσαῖον ᾄδειν καὶ ἀποθανόντα γήρᾳ ταφῆναι λέγουσιν· ὕστερον δὲ καὶ μνῆμα αὐτόθι ἀνδρὶ ᾠκοδομήθη Σύρῳ. τότε δὲ Δημήτριος τειχίσας εἶχε·
On the Acropolis at Athens is a statue of Pericles, the son of Xanthippus, and one of Xanthippus himself, who fought the sea-fight at Mycale against the Medes. The statue of Pericles stands in a different part of the Acropolis; but near the statue of Xanthippus is one of Anacreon the Teian, the first poet, after Sappho the Lesbian, to write mostly love poems. The attitude of the statue is like that of a man singing in his cups. The figures of women near it were made by Dinomenes: they represent Io, daughter of Inachus, and Callisto, daughter of Lycaon. The tales told of these two women are exactly alike—the love of Zeus, the wrath of Hera, and the transformation of Io into a cow, and of Callisto into a bear.
At the south wall are figures about two cubits high, dedicated by Attalus. They represent the legendary war of the giants who once dwelt about Thrace and the isthmus of Pallene, the fight of the Athenians with the Amazons, the battle with the Medes at Marathon, and the destruction of the Gauls in Mysia. There is a statue also of Olympiodorus, who earned fame both by the greatness and the opportuneness of his exploits, for he infused courage into men whom a series of disasters had plunged in despair.
For the disaster at Chaeronea was the beginning of evil to all the Greeks; and the yoke of slavery which it brought with it pressed not least heavily on the states that had held aloof or had sided with Macedonia. Most of the cities Philip captured. With the Athenians he nominally made a treaty, but in reality he inflicted on them the deepest injuries of all, for he wrested islands from them and deposed them from the empire of the sea. For a time the Athenians kept quiet during the reign of Philip and afterwards of Alexander. But when Alexander died and the Macedonians chose Aridaeus king, though the whole government was vested in Antipater, the Athenians could no longer brook the thought that Greece should for ever be at the feet of Macedonia ; so they were bent on war and stirred up others to action.
The cities that joined them were these: in Peloponnese there were Argos, Epidaurus, Sicyon, Troezen, Elis, Phlius, Messene; outside the Isthmus of Corinth there were the Locrians, Phocians, Thessalians, Carystians, and the Acarnanians who belonged to the Aetolian League. But the Boeotians, who enjoyed the Theban territory of which the Thebans had been dispossessed, fearing that the Athenians might restore Thebes, not only did not join the alliance, but furthered the cause of Macedonia with all their might. Each contingent of the allies was led by its own general, but the command of the whole army was voted to the Athenian Leosthenes, out of regard for the dignity of his native city and his own military reputation. He had indeed already conferred a benefit on the whole of Greece; for when Alexander would have banished to Persia all the Greek mercenaries who had served under Darius and his satraps, Leosthenes anticipated his design by shipping them to Europe. The bright hopes that had been conceived of him he now surpassed by brighter deeds ; and his death, by striking dismay into every heart, contributed not a little to the disaster which ensued. The Athenians had to receive a Macedonian garrison which occupied Munychia, and afterwards Piraeus, and the Long Walls.
When Antipater was dead, Olympias crossed over from Epirus, put Aridaeus to death, and reigned for a time; but not long afterwards she was besieged and captured by Cassander, who handed her over to the multitude. After Cassander came to the throne (to confine myself to his dealings with the Athenians) he captured the fortress of Panactum in Attica and also Salamis, and contrived that Demetrius, son of Phanostratus, who inherited from his father a reputation for ability, should be made tyrant of Athens. This Demetrius was deposed from the tyranny by Demetrius, son of Antigonus, a young man ambitious of standing well with the Greeks. Cassander, however, in whose mind there rankled a bitter hatred of Athens, gained over Lachares, hitherto a popular leader, and persuaded him to compass the tyranny ; and of all the tyrants we know of he was the most merciless to man and the most reckless of God. But Demetrius, son of Antigonus, though he had quarrelled with the Athenian people, nevertheless put down the tyranny of Lachares also. When the walls were captured Lachares fled to Boeotia. But as he had taken down golden shields from the Acropolis, and had stript the very image of Athena of all the ornaments that could be removed, he was suspected of being very rich, and was therefore murdered by some men of Coronea. Having freed the Athenians from their tyrants, Demetrius, son of Antigonus, did not restore Piraeus to them after the flight of Lachares. At a later time he defeated the Athenians, and introduced a garrison into Athens itself, having fortified what is called the Museum.
The Museum is a hill within the ancient circuit of the city, opposite the Acropolis, where they say that Musaeus sang and, dying of old age, was buried. Afterwards a monument was built here to a Syrian man. But at the time I speak of Demetrius fortified and held the hill.
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