Σίμων φέρε δὴ ταῦτα ἀφέντες ἐπʼ αὐτὸν ἤδη βαδίζωμεν τὸν βίον τοῦ παρασίτου, σκοποῦντες ἅμα καὶ παραβάλλοντες ἐκεῖνον.
πρῶτον τοίνυν ἴδοι τις ἂν τὸν μὲν παράσιτον ἀεὶ δόξης καταφρονοῦντα καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτῷ μέλον ὅ τι ἂν οἱ ἄνθρωποι οἴωνται περὶ αὐτοῦ, ῥήτορας δὲ καὶ φιλοσόφους εὕροι τις ἂν οὐ τινάς, ἀλλὰ πάντας ὑπὸ τύφου καὶ δόξης τριβέντας, καὶ οὐ δόξης μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὃ τούτου αἴσχιόν ἐστιν, ὑπʼ ἀργυρίου. καὶ ὁ μὲν παράσιτος οὕτως ἔχει πρὸς ἀργύριον ὡς οὐκ ἄν τις οὐδὲ πρὸς τὰς ἐν τοῖς αἰγιαλοῖς ψηφῖδας ἀμελῶς ἔχοι, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτῷ δοκεῖ διαφέρειν τὸ χρυσίον τοῦ πυρός. οἵ γε μὴν ῥήτορες, καὶ ὃ δεινότερόν ἐστιν, καὶ οἱ φιλοσοφεῖν φάσκοντες πρὸς αὐτὰ οὕτως διάκεινται κακοδαιμόνως, ὥστε τῶν μάλιστα νῦν εὐδοκιμούντων φιλοσόφων — περὶ μὲν γὰρ τῶν ῥητόρων τί δεῖ λέγειν; — ὁ μὲν δικάζων δίκην δώροις ἐπʼ αὐτῇ ἑάλω, ὁ δὲ παρὰ βασιλέως ὑπὲρ τοῦ συνεῖναι μισθὸν αἰτεῖ καὶ οὐκ αἰσχύνεται ὅτι πρεσβύτης ἀνὴρ διὰ τοῦτο ἀποδημεῖ καὶ μισθοφορεῖ καθάπερ Ἰνδὸς ἢ Σκύθης αἰχμάλωτος, καὶ οὐδὲ αὐτὸ τὸ ὄνομα αἰσχύνεται ὃ λαμβάνει.
Σίμων εὕροις δʼ ἂν οὐ μόνον ταῦτα περὶ τούτους, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄλλα πάθη, οἷον λύπας καὶ ὀργὰς καὶ φθόνους καὶ παντοίας ἐπιθυμίας. ὅ γε μὴν παράσιτος ἔξωθεν τούτων ἐστὶν ἁπάντων· οὔτε γὰρ ὀργίζεται διʼ ἀνεξικακίαν καὶ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτῷ ὅτῳ ὀργισθείη· καὶ εἰ ἀγανακτήσειεν δέ ποτε, ἡ ὀργὴ αὐτοῦ χαλεπὸν μὲν οὐδὲ σκυθρωπὸν οὐδὲν ἀπεργάζεται, μᾶλλον δὲ γέλωτα, καὶ εὐφραίνει τοὺς συνόντας. λυπεῖταί γε μὴν ἥκιστα πάντων, τοῦτο τῆς τέχνης παρασκευαζούσης αὐτῷ καὶ χαριζομένης, μὴ ἔχειν ὑπὲρ ὅτου λυπηθείη· οὔτε γὰρ χρήματά ἐστιν αὐτῷ οὔτε οἶκος οὔτε οἰκέτης οὔτε γυνὴ οὔτε παῖδες, ὧν διαφθειρομένων πᾶσα ἀνάγκη ἐστὶ λυπεῖσθαι τὸν ἔχοντα αὐτά. ἐπιθυμεῖ δὲ οὔτε δόξης οὔτε χρημάτων, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ ὡραίου τινός.
Τυχιάδης ἀλλʼ, ὦ Σίμων, εἰκός γε ἐνδείᾳ τροφῆς λυπηθῆναι αὐτόν.
Σίμων ἀγνοεῖς, ὦ Τυχιάδη, ὅτι ἐξ ἀρχῆς οὐδὲ παράσιτός ἐστιν οὗτος, ὅστις ἀπορεῖ τροφῆς· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀνδρεῖος ἀπορίᾳ ἀνδρείας ἐστὶν ἀνδρεῖος, οὐδὲ φρόνιμος ἀπορίᾳ φρενῶν ἐστιν φρόνιμος· ἄλλως γὰρ οὐδὲ παράσιτος ἂν εἴη. πρόκειται δὲ ἡμῖν περὶ παρασίτου ζητεῖν ὄντος, οὐχὶ μὴ ὄντος. εἰ δὲ ὁ ἀνδρεῖος οὐκ ἄλλως ἢ παρουσίᾳ ἀνδρειότητος καὶ ὁ φρόνιμος παρουσίᾳ φρονήσεως, καὶ ὁ παράσιτος δὲ παρουσίᾳ τοῦ παρασιτεῖν παράσιτος ἔσται· ὡς εἴ γε τοῦτο μὴ ὑπάρχοι αὐτῷ, περὶ ἄλλου τινός, καὶ οὐχὶ παρασίτου, ζητήσομεν.
Τυχιάδης οὐκοῦν οὐδέποτε ἀπορήσει παράσιτος τροφῆς
Σίμων ἔοικεν· ὥστε οὔτʼ ἐπὶ τούτῳ οὔτʼ ἐπʼ ἄλλῳ ἐστὶν ὅτῳ λυπηθείη ἄν.
But enough of this. What impression does one get of the sponger’s actual life, when one compares it with the other? First it will be found that he is indifferent to reputation, and does not care a jot what people think about him, whereas all rhetoricians and philosophers without exception are the slaves of vanity, reputation, and what is worse, of money. No one could be more careless of the pebbles on the shore than the sponger is of money; he would as soon touch fire as gold. But the rhetoricians and, as if that were not bad enough, the professed philosophers, are beneath contempt in this respect. No need to illustrate in the case of the rhetoricians; but of the philosophers whose repute stands highest at present, one was lately convicted of taking a bribe for his verdict in a law-suit, and another expects a salary for giving a prince his company, and counts it no shame to go into exile in his old age, and hire himself out for pay like some Indian or Scythian captive. The very name his conduct has earned him calls no blush to his cheek.
But their susceptibilities are by no means limited to these; pain, temper, jealousy, and all sorts of desires, must be added; all of which the sponger is beyond the reach of; he does not yield to temper because on the one hand he has fortitude, and on the other hand he has no one to irritate him. Or if he is by any chance moved to wrath, there is nothing disagreeable or sullen about it; it entertains and amuses merely. As to pain, he has less of that to endure than anybody, one of his profession’s recommendations and privileges being just that immunity. He has neither money, house, slave, wife, nor children—those hostages to Fortune. He desires neither fame, wealth, nor beauty.
TYCHIADES He will feel pain if the supplies run short, I presume.
SIMON Ah, but you see, he is not a sponger if that happens. A courageous man is not courageous if he has no courage, a sensible one not sensible if he has no sense. He could not be a sponger under those conditions. We are discussing the sponger, not the non- sponger. If the courageous is so in virtue of his courage, the sensible sensible in virtue of his sense, then the sponger is a sponger in virtue of sponging. Take that away, and we shall be dealing with something else, and not with a sponger at all.
TYCHIADES So his supplies will never run short?
Σίμων καὶ μὴν καὶ πάντες ὁμοῦ καὶ φιλόσοφοι καὶ ῥήτορες φοβοῦνται μάλιστα. τούς γέ τοι πλείστους αὐτῶν εὕροι τις ἂν μετὰ ξύλου προϊόντας, οὐκ ἂν δή που, εἰ μὴ ἐφοβοῦντο, ὡπλισμένους, καὶ τὰς θύρας δὲ μάλα ἐρρωμένως ἀποκλείοντας, μή τις ἄρα νύκτωρ ἐπιβουλεύσειεν αὐτοῖς δεδιότας. ὁ δὲ τὴν θύραν τοῦ δωματίου προστίθησιν εἰκῆ, καὶ τοῦτο ὡς μὴ ὑπʼ ἀνέμου ἀνοιχθείη, καὶ γενομένου ψόφου νύκτωρ οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον θορυβεῖται ἢ μὴ γενομένου, καὶ διʼ ἐρημίας δὲ ἀπιὼν ἄνευ ξίφους ὁδεύει· φοβεῖται γὰρ οὐδὲν οὐδαμοῦ. φιλοσόφους δὲ ἤδη ἐγὼ πολλάκις εἶδον, οὐδενὸς ὄντος δεινοῦ, τόξα ἐνεσκευασμένους· ξύλα μὲν γὰρ ἔχουσιν καὶ εἰς βαλανεῖον ἀπιόντες καὶ ἐπʼ ἄριστον.
Σίμων παρασίτου μέντοι οὐδεὶς ἔχοι κατηγορῆσαι μοιχείαν ἢ βίαν ἢ ἁρπαγὴν ἢ ἄλλο τι ἀδίκημα ἁπλῶς· ἐπεὶ ὅ γε τοιοῦτος οὐκ ἂν εἴη παράσιτος, ἀλλʼ ἑαυτὸν ἐκεῖνος ἀδικεῖ. ὥστʼ εἰ μοιχεύσας τύχοι, ἅμα τῷ ἀδικήματι καὶ τοὔνομα μεταλαμβάνει τοῦ ἀδικήματος. ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ ἀγαθὸς φαῦλα ποιῶν διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἀγαθός, ἀλλὰ φαῦλος εἶναι ἀναλαμβάνει, οὕτως, οἶμαι, καὶ ὁ παράσιτος, ἐάν τι ἀδικῇ, αὐτὸ μὲν τοῦτο ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἀποβάλλει, ἀναλαμβάνει δὲ ὃ ἀδικεῖ. ἀδικήματα δὲ τοιαῦτα ῥητόρων καὶ φιλοσόφων ἄφθονα οὐ μόνον ἴσμεν αὐτοὶ γεγονότα καθʼ ἡμᾶς, ἀλλὰ κἀν τοῖς βιβλίοις ἀπολελειμμένα ὑπομνήματα ἔχομεν ὧν ἠδίκησαν. ἀπολογία μὲν γὰρ Σωκράτους ἐστὶν καὶ Αἰσχίνου καὶ Ὑπερίδου καὶ Δημοσθένους καὶ τῶν πλείστων σχεδόν τι ῥητόρων καὶ σοφῶν, παρασίτου δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀπολογία οὐδʼ ἔχει τις εἰπεῖν δίκην πρὸς παράσιτόν τινι γεγραμμένην.
Σίμων ἀλλὰ νὴ Δία ὁ μὲν βίος τοῦ παρασίτου κρείττων ἐστὶν τοῦ τῶν ῥητόρων καὶ τῶν φιλοσόφων, ὁ δὲ θάνατος φαυλότερος; πάνυ μὲν οὖν τοὐναντίον παρὰ πολὺ εὐδαιμονέστερος. φιλοσόφους μὲν γὰρ ἴσμεν ἅπαντας ἢ τοὺς πλείστους κακοὺς κακῶς ἀποθανόντας, τοὺς μὲν ἐκ καταδίκης, ἑαλωκότας ἐπὶ τοῖς μεγίστοις ἀδικήμασι, φαρμάκῳ, τοὺς δὲ καταπρησθέντας τὸ σῶμα ἅπαν, τοὺς δὲ ἀπὸ δυσουρίας φθινήσαντας, τοὺς δὲ φυγόντας. παρασίτου δὲ θάνατον οὐδεὶς ἔχει τοιοῦτον εἰπεῖν, ἀλλὰ τὸν εὐδαιμονέστατον φαγόντος καὶ πιόντος. εἰ δέ τις καὶ δοκεῖ βιαίῳ τετελευτηκέναι θανάτῳ, ἀπεπτήσας ἀπέθανεν.
SIMON Manifestly. So he is as free from that sort of pain as from others.
Then all philosophers and rhetoricians are timorous creatures together. You may generally see them carrying sticks on their walks; well, of course they would not go armed if they were not afraid. And they bar their doors elaborately, for fear of night attacks. Now our man just latches his room door, so that the wind may not blow it open; if there is a noise in the night, it is all the same to him as if there were none; he will travel a lonely road and wear no sword; he does not know what fear is. But I am always seeing philosophers, though there is nothing to be afraid of, carrying bows and arrows; as for their sticks, they take them to bath or breakfast with them.
Again, no one can accuse a sponger of adultery, violence, rape, or in fact of any crime whatsoever. One guilty of such offences will not be sponging, but ruining himself. If he is caught in adultery, his style thenceforth is taken from his offence. Just as a piece of cowardice brings a man not repute, but disrepute, so, I take it, the sponger who commits an offence loses his previous title and gets in exchange that proper to the offence. Of such offences on the part of rhetoricians and philosophers, on the other hand, we have not only abundant examples in our own time, but records against the ancients in their own writings. There is an Apology of Socrates, of Aeschines, of Hyperides, of Demosthenes, and indeed of most of their kind. There is no sponger’s apology extant, and you will never hear of anybody’s bringing a suit against one.
Now I suppose you will tell me that the sponger’s life may be better than theirs, but his death is worse. Not a bit of it; it is a far happier one. We know very well that all or most philosophers have had the wretched fate they deserved, some by poison after condemnation for heinous crimes, some by burning alive, some by strangury, some in exile. No one can adduce a sponger’s death to match these; he eats and drinks, and dies a blissful death. If you are told that any died a violent one, be sure it was nothing worse than indigestion.
Τυχιάδης ταῦτα μὲν ἱκανῶς διημίλληταί σοι τὰ πρὸς τοὺς φιλοσόφους ὑπὲρ τοῦ παρασίτου. λοιπὸν δὲ εἰ καλὸν καὶ λυσιτελές ἐστιν τὸ κτῆμα τοῦτο τῷ τρέφοντι, πειρῶ λέγειν· ἐμοὶ μὲν γὰρ δοκοῦσιν ὥσπερ εὐεργετοῦντες καὶ χαριζόμενοι τρέφειν αὐτοὺς οἱ πλούσιοι, καὶ εἶναι τοῦτο αἰσχύνην τῷ τρεφομένῳ.
Σίμων ὡς ἠλίθιά γε σου, ὦ Τυχιάδη, ταῦτα, εἰ μὴ δύνασαι γινώσκειν ὅτι πλούσιος ἀνήρ, εἰ καὶ τὸ Γύγου χρυσίον ἔχοι, μόνος ἐσθίων πένης ἐστὶν καὶ προϊὼν ἄνευ παρασίτου πτωχὸς δοκεῖ, καὶ ὥσπερ στρατιώτης χωρὶς ὅπλων ἀτιμότερος καὶ ἐσθὴς ἄνευ πορφύρας καὶ ἵππος ἄνευ φαλάρων, οὕτω καὶ πλούσιος ἄνευ παρασίτου ταπεινός τις καὶ εὐτελὴς φαίνεται. καὶ μὴν ὁ μὲν πλούσιος κοσμεῖται ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ, τὸν δὲ παράσιτον πλούσιος οὐδέποτε κοσμεῖ.
Σίμων ἄλλως τε οὐδὲ ὄνειδος αὐτῷ ἐστιν, ὡς σὺ φής, τὸ παρασιτεῖν ἐκείνῳ, δῆλον ὅτι ὥς τινι κρείττονι χείρονα, ὅπου γε μὴν τῷ πλουσίῳ τοῦτο λυσιτελές ἐστιν, τὸ τρέφειν τὸν παράσιτον, ᾧ γε μετὰ τοῦ κοσμεῖσθαι ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀσφάλεια πολλὴ ἐκ τῆς τούτου δορυφορίας ὑπάρχει· οὔτε γὰρ μάχῃ ῥᾳδίως ἄν τις ἐπιχειρήσαι τῷ πλουσίῳ τοῦτον ὁρῶν παρεστῶτα, ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ἂν ἀποθάνοι φαρμάκῳ οὐδεὶς ἔχων παράσιτον. τίς γὰρ ἂν τολμήσειεν ἐπιβουλεῦσαί τινι τούτου προεσθίοντος καὶ προπίνοντος; ὥστε ὁ πλούσιος οὐχὶ κοσμεῖται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκ τῶν μεγίστων κινδύνων ὑπὸ τοῦ παρασίτου σώζεται. οὕτω μὲν ὁ παράσιτος διὰ φιλοστοργίαν πάντα κίνδυνον ὑπομένει, καὶ οὐκ ἂν παραχωρήσειεν τῷ πλουσίῳ φαγεῖν μόνῳ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀποθανεῖν αἱρεῖται συμφαγών.
Τυχιάδης πάντα μοι δοκεῖς, ὦ Σίμων, διεξελθεῖν ὑστερήσας οὐδὲν τῆς σεαυτοῦ τέχνης, οὐχ ὥσπερ αὐτὸς ἔφασκες, ἀμελέτητος ὤν, ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ ἄν τις ὑπὸ τῶν μεγίστων γεγυμνασμένος. λοιπόν, εἰ μὴ αἴσχιον αὐτὸ τὸ ὄνομά ἐστι τῆς παρασιτικῆς, θέλω μαθεῖν.
Σίμων ὅρα δὴ τὴν ἀπόκρισιν, ἐάν σοι ἱκανῶς λέγεσθαι δοκῇ, καὶ πειρῶ πάλιν αὐτὸς ἀποκρίνασθαι πρὸς τὸ ἐρωτώμενον ᾗ ἄριστα οἴει. φέρε γάρ, τὸν σῖτον οἱ παλαιοὶ τί καλοῦσι;
Τυχιάδης τροφήν.
Σίμων τί δὲ τὸ σιτεῖσθαι, οὐχὶ τὸ ἐσθίειν;
Τυχιάδης ναί.
Σίμων οὐκοῦν καθωμολόγηται τὸ παρασιτεῖν ὅτι οὐκ ἄλλο ἐστίν;
Τυχιάδης τοῦτο γάρ, ὦ Σίμων, ἐστὶν ὃ αἰσχρὸν φαίνεται.
TYCHIADES I must say, you have done well for your kind against the philosophers. And now look at it from the patron’s point of view; does he get his money’s worth? It strikes me the rich man does the kindness, confers the favour, finds the food, and it is all a little discreditable to the man who takes them.
SIMON Now, really, Tychiades, that is rather silly of you. Can you not see that a rich man, if he had the gold of Gyges, is yet poor as long as he dines alone, and no better than a tramp if he goes abroad unattended? A soldier without his arms, a dress without its purple, a horse without its trappings, are poor things; and a rich man without his sponger is a mean, cheap spectacle. The sponger gives lustre to the patron, never the patron to the other.
Moreover, none of the reproach that you imagine attaches to sponging; you refer, of course, to the difference in their degrees; but then it is an advantage to the rich man to keep the other; apart from his ornamental use, he is a most valuable bodyguard. In battle no one will be over ready to undertake the rich man with such a comrade at his side; and you can hardly, having him, die by poison. Who would dare attempt such a thing, with him tasting your food and drink? So he brings you not only credit, but insurance. His affection is such that he will run all risks; he would never leave his patron to face the dangers of the table alone; no, he would rather eat and die with him.
TYCHIADES You have stated your case without missing a point, Simon. Do not tell me you were unprepared again; you have been trained in a good school, man. But one thing more I should like to know. There is a nasty sound about the word sponger, don’t you think?
SIMON See whether I have a satisfactory answer to that. Oblige me by giving what you consider the right answers to my questions. Sponging is an old word; what does it really mean?
TYCHIADES Getting your dinner at some one else’s expense.
SIMON Dining out, in fact?
TYCHIADES Yes.
Σίμων φέρε δὴ πάλιν ἀπόκριναί μοι, πότερόν σοι δοκεῖ διαφέρειν, καὶ προκειμένων ἀμφοῖν πότερον ἂν αὐτὸς ἕλοιο, ἆρά γε τὸ πλεῖν ἢ τὸ παραπλεῖν;
Τυχιάδης τὸ παραπλεῖν ἔγωγε.
Σίμων τί δέ, τὸ τρέχειν ἢ τὸ παρατρέχειν;
Τυχιάδης Τὸ παρατρέχειν.
Σίμων τί δέ, τὸ ἱππεύειν ἢ τὸ παριππεύειν;
Τυχιάδης τὸ παριππεύειν.
Σίμων τί δέ, τὸ ἀκοντίζειν ἢ τὸ παρακοντίζειν;
Τυχιάδης τὸ παρακοντίζειν.
Σίμων οὐκοῦν ὁμοίως ἂν ἕλοιο καὶ τοῦ ἐσθίειν μᾶλλον τὸ παρασιτεῖν;
Τυχιάδης ὁμολογεῖν ἀνάγκη. καί σοι λοιπὸν ὥσπερ οἱ παῖδες ἀφίξομαι καὶ ἑῷος καὶ μετʼ ἄριστον μαθησόμενος τὴν τέχνην. σὺ δέ με αὐτὴν δίκαιος διδάσκειν ἀφθόνως, ἐπεὶ καὶ πρῶτος μαθητής σοι γίγνομαι. φασὶ δὲ καὶ τὰς μητέρας μᾶλλον τὰ πρῶτα φιλεῖν τῶν τέκνων.
SIMON And we may call a sponger an out-diner?
TYCHIADES The gravamen’s in that; he should dine at home.
SIMON A few more answers, please. Of these pairs, which do you consider the best? Which would you take, if you had the choice?-To sail, or to out-sail?
TYCHIADES The latter.
SIMON To run or out-run?
TYCHIADES The latter.
SIMON Ride or out-ride, shoot or out-shoot?
TYCHIADES Still the same.
SIMON So I presume an out-diner is better than a diner?
TYCHIADES Indisputable. Henceforward I shall come to you morning and afternoon like a schoolboy for lessons. And I am sure you ought to do your very best for me, as your first pupil. The first child is always the mother’s joy, you know.
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