Hesiod · Works and Days Ἔργα καὶ Ἡμέραι

Hesiod, Works and Days 760–828: Talk and the days of the month (760-828)

Hesiod warns that Talk, once raised by many voices, never wholly dies away. He then tells which days of the month, which come from Zeus, suit which tasks: the thirtieth for looking over work and dealing out supplies, the first, fourth and seventh as holy, the eighth and ninth for men's works, the twelfth and twenty-seventh and others for particular jobs, and fifth days to be avoided because Oath was born on one. Few men know the nature of the days, some a stepmother and some a mother, but the man who knows them and avoids offending the gods is happy.

Lines 760–828 · 722 words · click a number to copy its link
760ὧδʼ ἔρδειν· δεινὴν δὲ βροτῶν ὑπαλεύεο φήμην. φήμη γάρ τε κακὴ πέλεται, κούφη μὲν ἀεῖραι ῥεῖα μάλʼ, ἀργαλέη δὲ φέρειν, χαλεπὴ δʼ ἀποθέσθαι. φήμη δʼ οὔτις πάμπαν ἀπόλλυται, ἥν τινα πολλοὶ λαοὶ φημίξωσι· θεός νύ τίς ἐστι καὶ αὐτή. 765Ἤματα δʼ ἐκ Διόθεν πεφυλαγμένος εὖ κατὰ μοῖραν πεφραδέμεν δμώεσσι· τριηκάδα μηνὸς ἀρίστην ἔργα τʼ ἐποπτεύειν ἠδʼ ἁρμαλιὴν δατέασθαι. αἵδε γὰρ ἡμέραι εἰσὶ Διὸς πάρα μητιόεντος, εὖτʼ ἂν ἀληθείην λαοὶ κρίνοντες ἄγωσιν. 770Πρῶτον ἔνη τετράς τε καὶ ἑβδόμη ἱερὸν ἦμαρ· τῇ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα χρυσάορα γείνατο Λητώ· ὀγδοάτη δʼ ἐνάτη τε, δύω γε μὲν ἤματα μηνὸς ἔξοχʼ ἀεξομένοιο βροτήσια ἔργα πένεσθαι· ἑνδεκάτη δὲ δυωδεκάτη τʼ, ἄμφω γε μὲν ἐσθλαί, 775ἠμὲν ὄις πείκειν ἠδʼ εὔφρονα καρπὸν ἀμᾶσθαι· ἡ δὲ δυωδεκάτη τῆς ἑνδεκάτης μέγʼ ἀμείνων· τῇ γάρ τοι νῇ νήματʼ ἀερσιπότητος ἀράχνης ἤματος ἐκ πλείου, ὅτε ἴδρις σωρὸν ἀμᾶται· τῇ δʼ ἱστὸν στήσαιτο γυνὴ προβάλοιτό τε ἔργον. 780Μηνὸς δʼ ἱσταμένου τρισκαιδεκάτην ἀλέασθαι σπέρματος ἄρξασθαι· φυτὰ δʼ ἐνθρέψασθαι ἀρίστη. ἕκτη δʼ ἡ μέσση μάλʼ ἀσύμφορός ἐστι φυτοῖσιν, ἀνδρογόνος δʼ ἀγαθή· κούρῃ δʼ οὐ σύμφορός ἐστιν, οὔτε γενέσθαι πρῶτʼ οὔτʼ ἂρ γάμου ἀντιβολῆσαι. 785οὐδὲ μὲν ἡ πρώτη ἕκτη κούρῃ γε γενέσθαι ἄρμενος, ἀλλʼ ἐρίφους τάμνειν καὶ πώεα μήλων σηκόν τʼ ἀμφιβαλεῖν ποιμνήιον ἤπιον ἦμαρ· ἐσθλὴ δʼ ἀνδρογόνος· φιλέοι δʼ ὅ γε κέρτομα βάζειν ψεύδεά θʼ αἱμυλίους τε λόγους κρυφίους τʼ ὀαρισμούς. 790μηνὸς δʼ ὀγδοάτῃ κάπρον καὶ βοῦν ἐρίμυκον ταμνέμεν, οὐρῆας δὲ δυωδεκάτῃ ταλαεργούς. εἰκάδι δʼ ἐν μεγάλῃ, πλέῳ ἤματι, ἵστορα φῶτα γείνασθαι· μάλα γάρ τε νόον πεπυκασμένος ἐστίν. ἐσθλὴ δʼ ἀνδρογόνος δεκάτη, κούρῃ δέ τε τετρὰς

So do: and avoid the talk of men. For Talk is mischievous, light, and easily raised, but hard to bear and difficult to be rid of. Talk never wholly dies away when many people voice her: even Talk is in some ways divine. Mark the days which come from Zeus, duly telling your slaves of them, and that the thirtieth day of the month is best for one to look over the work and to deal out supplies. For these are days which come from Zeus the all-wise, when men discern aright. To begin with, the first, the fourth, and the seventh— on which Leto bore Apollo with the blade of gold—each is a holy day. The eighth and the ninth, two days at least of the waxing month, are especially good for the works of man. Also the eleventh and twelfth are both excellent, alike for shearing sheep and for reaping the kindly fruits; but the twelfth is much better than the eleventh, for on it the airy-swinging spider spins its web in full day, and then the Wise One, gathers her pile. On that day a woman should set up her loom and get forward with her work. Avoid the thirteenth of the waxing month for beginning to sow: yet it is the best day for setting plants. The sixth of the mid-month is very unfavorable for plants, but is good for the birth of males, though unfavorable for a girl either to be born at all or to be married. Nor is the first sixth a fit day for a girl to be born, but a kindly for gelding kids and sheep and for fencing in a sheep cote. It is favorable for the birth of a boy, but such will be fond of sharp speech, lies, cunning words, and stealthy conversation. On the eighth of the month geld the boar and loud-bellowing bull, but hard-working mules on the twelfth. On the great twentieth, in full day, a wise man should be born. Such a one is very sound-witted. The tenth is favorable for a male to be born; but, for a girl, the fourth day of the mid-month.

795μέσση· τῇ δέ τε μῆλα καὶ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς καὶ κύνα καρχαρόδοντα καὶ οὐρῆας ταλαεργοὺς πρηΰνειν ἐπὶ χεῖρα τιθείς. πεφύλαξο δὲ θυμῷ τετράδʼ ἀλεύασθαι φθίνοντός θʼ ἱσταμένου τε ἄλγεʼ ἃ θυμοβορῆ μάλα γὰρ τετελεσμένον ἦμαρ. 800Ἐν δὲ τετάρτῃ μηνὸς ἄγεσθαι οἶκον ἄκοιτιν οἰωνοὺς κρίνας, οἳ ἐπʼ ἔργματι τούτῳ ἄριστοι. πέμπτας δʼ ἐξαλέασθαι, ἐπεὶ χαλεπαί τε καὶ αἰναί· ἐν πέμπτῃ γάρ φασιν Ἐρινύας ἀμφιπολεύειν Ὅρκον γεινόμενον, τὸν Ἔρις τέκε πῆμʼ ἐπιόρκοις. 805Μέσσῃ δʼ ἑβδομάτῃ Δημήτερος ἱερὸν ἀκτὴν εὖ μάλʼ ὀπιπεύοντα ἐυτροχάλῳ ἐν ἀλωῇ βαλλέμεν, ὑλοτόμον τε ταμεῖν θαλαμήια δοῦρα νήιά τε ξύλα πολλά, τά τʼ ἄρμενα νηυσὶ πέλονται. τετράδι δʼ ἄρχεσθαι νῆας πήγνυσθαι ἀραιάς. 810εἰνὰς δʼ ἡ μέσση ἐπὶ δείελα λώιον ἦμαρ, πρωτίστη δʼ εἰνὰς παναπήμων ἀνθρώποισιν· ἐσθλὴ μὲν γάρ θʼ ἥ γε φυτευέμεν ἠδὲ γενέσθαι ἀνέρι τʼ ἠδὲ γυναικί· καὶ οὔποτε πάγκακον ἦμαρ. παῦροι δʼ αὖτε ἴσασι τρισεινάδα μηνὸς ἀρίστην 815ἄρξασθαί τε πίθου καὶ ἐπὶ ζυγὸν αὐχένι θεῖναι βουσὶ καὶ ἡμιόνοισι καὶ ἵπποις ὠκυπόδεσσι, νῆα πολυκλήιδα θοὴν εἰς οἴνοπα πόντον εἰρύμεναι· παῦροι δέ τʼ ἀληθέα κικλῄσκουσιν. τετράδι δʼ οἶγε πίθον· περὶ πάντων ἱερὸν ἦμαρ 820μέσση· παῦροι δʼ αὖτε μετʼ εἰκάδα μηνὸς ἀρίστην ἠοῦς γιγνομένης· ἐπὶ δείελα δʼ ἐστὶ χερείων. αἵδε μὲν ἡμέραι εἰσὶν ἐπιχθονίοις μέγʼ ὄνειαρ, αἱ δʼ ἄλλαι μετάδουποι, ἀκήριοι, οὔ τι φέρουσαι. ἄλλος δʼ ἀλλοίην αἰνεῖ, παῦροι δὲ ἴσασιν. 825ἄλλοτε μητρυιὴ πέλει ἡμέρη, ἄλλοτε μήτηρ. τάων εὐδαίμων τε καὶ ὄλβιος, ὃς τάδε πάντα εἰδὼς ἐργάζηται ἀναίτιος ἀθανάτοισιν, ὄρνιθας κρίνων καὶ ὑπερβασίας ἀλεείνων.

On that day tame sheep and shambling, horned oxen, and the sharp-fanged dog and hardy mules to the touch of the hand. But take care to avoid troubles which eat out the heart on the fourth of the beginning and ending of the month; it is a day very fraught with fate. On the fourth of the month bring home your bride, but choose the omens which are best for this business. Avoid fifth days: they are unkindly and terrible. On a fifth, they say, the Erinyes assisted at the birth of Horcus (Oath) whom Eris (Strife) bore to trouble the forsworn. Look about you very carefully and throw out Demeter's holy grain upon the well-rolled threshing floor on the seventh of the mid-month. Let the woodman cut beams for house building and plenty of ships' timbers, such as are suitable for ships. On the fourth day begin to build narrow ships. The ninth of the mid-month improves towards evening; but the first ninth of all is quite harmless for men. It is a good day on which to beget or to be born both for a male and a female: it is never a wholly evil day. Again, few know that the twenty-seventh of the month is best for opening a wine jar, and putting yokes on the necks of oxen and mules and swift-footed horses, and for hauling a swift ship of many thwarts down to the sparkling sea; few call it by its right name. On the fourth day open a jar. The fourth of the mid-month is a day holy above all. And again, few men know that the fourth day after the twentieth is best while it is morning: towards evening it is less good. These days are a great blessing to men on earth; but the rest are changeable, luckless, and bring nothing. Everyone praises a different day but few know their nature. Sometimes a day is a stepmother, sometimes a mother. That man is happy and lucky in them who knows all these things and does his work without offending the deathless gods, who discerns the omens of birds and avoids transgression.

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English translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (1914). Original text: Hugh G. Evelyn-White (ed.), Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Macmillan, 1914 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Works and Days 760–828: Talk and the days of the month