Bacchylides · Dithyrambs Διθύραμβοι

Bacchylides, Dithyrambs 17.1–132: Dithyramb 17: Theseus and Minos

A ship bears Theseus and fourteen Athenian youths and maidens to Crete, where Minos lays a hand on a maiden and Theseus rebukes him. Minos asks Zeus for a sign and challenges Theseus to bring back his gold ring from the sea. Theseus dives, is carried by dolphins to the hall of his father Poseidon and robed by Amphitrite, and comes back unwetted to the ship while the Athenians sing a paean.

Lines 17.1–132 · 816 words · click a number to copy its link
1Κυανόπρῳρα μὲν ναῦς μενέκτυπον Θησέα δὶς ἑπτά τʼ ἀγλαοὺς ἄγουσα κούρους Ἰαόνων Κρητικὸν τάμνε πέλαγος· 5τηλαυγέϊ γὰρ [ἐν] φάρεϊ βορήϊαι πίτνον αὖραι κλυτᾶς ἕκατι π[ο]λεμαίγιδος Ἀθάνας· κνίσεν τε Μίνωϊ κέαρ ἱμεράμπυκος θεᾶς 10Κύπριδος αἰνὰ δῶρα· χεῖρα δʼ οὐκέτι παρθενικᾶς ἄτερθʼ ἐράτυεν, θίγεν δὲ λευκᾶν παρηΐδων· βόασέ τʼ Ἐρίβοια χαλκο-

A dark-prowed ship was cleaving the Cretan sea, bearing Theseus, steadfast in the battle din, with seven goodly youths and seven maidens of Athens; for northern breezes fell on the far-gleaming sail, by grace of glorious Athena with warlike aegis.

And the heart of Minos was stung by the baneful gifts of the Cyprian goddess with lovely diadem; he could no longer restrain his hand from a maiden, but touched her fair cheeks. Then Eriboea cried aloud

15θώρακα Πανδίονος ἔκγονον· ἴδεν δὲ Θησεύς, μέλαν δʼ ὑπʼ ὀφρύων δίνασεν ὄμμα, καρδίαν τέ ϝοι σχέτλιον ἄμυξεν ἄλγος, 20εἶρέν τε· Διὸς υἱὲ φερτάτου, ὅσιον οὐκέτι τεᾶν ἔσω κυβερνᾷς φρενῶν θυμόν· ἴσχε μεγαλοῦχον ἥρως βίαν. ὅ τι μὲν ἐκ θεῶν μοῖρα παγκρατὴς 25ἄμμι κατένευσε καὶ Δίκας ῥέπει τά- λαντον, πεπρωμέναν αἶσαν ἐκπλήσομεν, ὅταν ἔλθῃ· σὺ δὲ βαρεῖαν κάτε- χε μῆτιν. εἰ καί σε κεδνὰ 30τέκεν λέχει Διὸς ὑπὸ κρόταφον Ἴδας μιγεῖσα Φοίνικος ἐρα- τώνυμος κόρα βροτῶν

to Pandion’s grandson with breastplate of bronze; Theseus saw, and wildly rolled his dark eyes beneath his brows, and cruel pain pricked his heart as he spake :—

‘O son of peerless Zeus, the spirit in thy breast no longer obeys righteous control ; withhold, hero, thy presumptuous force.

‘Whatever the resistless doom given by the gods has decreed for us, and the scale of Justice inclines to ordain, that appointed fate we will fulfil when it comes. But do thou forbear thy grievous purpose. If the noble daughter of Phoenix, the maiden of gracious fame, taken to the bed of Zeus beneath the brow of Ida, bare thee, peerless among men;

33φέρτατον, ἀλλὰ κἀμὲ Πιτθέος θυγάτηρ ἀφνεοῦ 35πλαθεῖσα ποντίῳ τέκεν Ποσειδᾶνι, χρύσεον τέ ϝοι δόσαν ἰόπλοκοι κάλυμμα Νηρηΐδες. τῶ σε, πολέμαρχε Κνωσίων, 40κέλομαι πολύστονον ἐρύκεν ὕβριν· οὐ γὰρ ἂν θελοι- μʼ ἀμβρότου ἐραννὸν Ἀοῦς ἰδεῖν φάος, ἐπεί τινʼ ἠϊθ έω ν σὺ δαμάσειας ἀέκον- 45τα· πρόσθε χειρῶν βίαν δείξομεν· τὰ δʼ ἐπιόντα δαίμων κρινεῖ.

yet I, too, was borne by the daughter of wealthy Pittheus, in wedlock with the sea-god Poseidon, and the violet-crowned Nereids gave her a golden veil.

‘Therefore, O war-lord of Cnosus, I bid thee restrain thy wantonness, fraught with woe; for I should not care to look on the fair light of divine Eos, after thou hadst done violence to one of this youthful company: before that, we will come to a trial of strength, and Destiny shall decide the sequel.’

47τόσʼ εἶ]πεν ἀρέταιχμος ἥρως· τάφον δὲ ναυβάται φωτὸς] ὑπεράφανον 50θάρσος· Ἁλίου τε γαμβρῷ χολώ[σατʼ ἦτορ, ὕφαινέ τε ποταινίαν μῆτιν, εἶπέν τε· μεγαλοσθενὲς Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἄκουσον· εἴπερ μ[ε κούρ]α Φοίνισσα λευκώλενος σοὶ τέκε, 55νῦν πρόπεμπʼ ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ θ[οὰν πυριέθειραν ἀστραπὰν σᾶμʼ ἀρίγνωτον· εἰ δὲ καὶ σὲ Τροιζηνία σεισίχθονι φύτευσεν Αἴθρα Ποσει- 60δᾶνι, τόνδε χρύσεον χειρὸς ἀγλαὸν ἔνεγκε κόσμον ἐκ βαθείας ἁλός, δικὼν θράσει σῶμα πατρὸς ἐς δόμους. εἴσεαι δʼ αἴ κʼ ἐμᾶς κλύῃ

Thus far the hero valiant with the spear: but the seafarers were amazed at the youth’s lofty boldness ; and he whose bride was daughter of the Sun-god felt anger at his heart; he wove a new device in his mind, and said:—

‘O Zeus, my sire of great might, hear me! If the white-armed daughter of Phoenix indeed bare me to thee, now send forth from heaven a swift flash of streaming fire, a sign for all to know. And thou, if Troezenian Aethra was thy mother by earth-shaking Poseidon,—cast thyself boldly down to the abode of thy sire, and bring from the deep this ring of gold that glitters on my hand.—But thou shalt see whether my prayer is heard

65Κρόνιος εὐχᾶς ἀναξιβρόντας ὁ πάντων μεδ έω ν. κλύε δʼ ἄμετρον εὐχὰν μεγασθενὴς Ζεύς, ὑπέροχόν τε Μίνωϊ φύτευσε τιμὰν φίλῳ θέλων 70παιδὶ πανδερκέα θέμεν, ἄστραψέ θʼ· ὁ δὲ θυμάρμενον ἰδὼν τέρας πέτασε χεῖρας κλυτὰν ἐς αἰθέρα μενεπτόλεμος ἥρως, εἶρέν τε· Θησεῦ, σὺ τάδε 75μὲν βλέπεις σαφῆ Διὸς δῶρα· σὺ δʼ ὄρνυʼ ἐς βα- ρύβρομον πέλαγος· Κρονίδας δέ τοι πατὴρ ἄναξ τελεῖ Ποσειδὰν ὑπέρτατον 80κλέος χθόνα κατʼ ἠΰδενδρον. ὣς εἶπε· τῷ δʼ οὐ πάλιν θυμὸς ἀνεκάμπτετʼ, ἀλλʼ εὐ- πάκτων ἐπʼ ἰκρίων

by the son of Cronus, the all-ruling lord of thunder.’

Mighty Zeus heard the unmeasured prayer, and ordained a surpassing honour for Minos, willing to make it seen of all men, for the sake of his well-loved son. He sent the lightning. But the steadfast warrior, when he saw that welcome portent, stretched his hands towards the glorious ether, and said :—

‘Theseus, there thou beholdest the clear sign given by Zeus. And now do thou spring into the deep-sounding sea; and the son of Cronus, king Poseidon, thy sire, will assure thee supreme renown throughout the well-wooded earth.’

So spake he: and the spirit of Theseus recoiled not;

84σταθεὶς ὄρουσε, πόντιόν τέ νιν 85δέξατο θελημὸν ἄλσος. τά[φ]εν δὲ Διὸς υἱὸς ἔνδοθεν κέαρ, κέλευσέ τε κατʼ οὖ- ρον ἴσχεν εὐδαίδαλον νᾶα· μοῖρα δʼ ἑτέραν ἐπόρσυνʼ ὁδόν. 90ἵετο δʼ ὠκύπομπον δόρυ· σόει νιν βορεὰς ἐξόπιν πνέουσʼ ἀήτα· τρέσσαν δʼ Ἀθαναίων ἠϊθ έω ν πᾶν γένος, ἐπεὶ ἥρως θόρεν πόντονδε, κα- 95τὰ λειρίων τʼ ὀμμάτων δά- κρυ χ έο ν, βαρεῖαν ἐπιδέγμενοι ἀνάγκαν·

he took his place on the well-built stern, and sprang thence, and the domain of the deep received him in kindness.

The son of Zeus felt a secret awe in his heart, and gave command to keep the cunningly-wrought ship before the wind; but Fate was preparing a different issue. So the bark sped fast on its journey, and the northern breeze, blowing astern, urged it forward. But all the Athenian youths and maidens shuddered when the hero sprang into the deep; and tears fell from their bright young eyes, in prospect of their grievous doom.

97φέρον δὲ δελφῖνες ἁλι- ναιέται μέγαν θοῶς Θησέα πατρὸς ἱππί- 100ου δόμον, μέγαρόν τε θεῶν μόλεν· τόθι κλυτὰς ἰδὼν ἔδεισʼ ὀλβίοιο Νη- ρέος κόρας· ἀπὸ γὰρ ἀγλα- ῶν λάμπε γυίων σέλας 105ὧτε πυρός, ἀμφὶ χαίταις δὲ χρυσεόπλοκοι δίνηντο ταινίαι· χορῷ δʼ ἔτερ- πον κέαρ ὑγροῖσι ποσσίν· σεμνάν τε πατρὸς ἄλοχον φίλαν 110ἴδε βοῶπιν ἐρατοῖ- σιν Ἀμφιτρίταν δόμοις·

Meanwhile dolphins, dwellers in the sea, were swiftly bearing mighty Theseus to the abode of his sire, lord of steeds; and he came unto the hall of the gods. There beheld he the glorious daughters of blest Nereus, and was awe-struck; for a splendour as of fire shone from their radiant forms; fillets inwoven with gold encircled their hair; and they were delighting their hearts by dancing with lissom feet.

And in that beautiful abode he saw his father’s well-loved wife, the stately, ox-eyed Amphitrite ;

112ἅ νιν ἀμφέβαλεν αἰόλαν πορφύραν, κόμαισί τʼ ἐπέθηκεν οὔλαις ἀμεμφέα πλόκον, 115τόν ποτέ ϝοι ἐν γάμῳ δῶκε δόλιος Ἀφροδίτα ῥόδοις ἐρεμνόν. ἄπιστον ὅ τι δαίμονες θ έω σιν οὐδὲν φρενοάραις βροτοῖς· νᾶα παρὰ λεπτόπρυμνον φάνη· φεῦ, 120οἵαισιν ἐν φροντίσι Κνώσιον ἔσχασεν στραταγέταν, ἐπεὶ μόλʼ ἀδίαντος ἐξ ἁλὸς θαῦμα πάντεσσι, λάμ- πε δʼ ἀμφὶ γυίοις θεῶν δῶρʼ, ἀγλαό- 125θρονοί τε κοῦραι σὺν εὐ- θυμία νεοκτίτῳ ὠλόλυξαν, ἔ-

who clad him in gleaming purple, and set on his thick hair a choice wreath, dark with roses, given to her of yore at her marriage by wily Aphrodite.

Nothing that the gods may ordain is past belief to men of a sound mind. Theseus appeared by the ship with slender stern. Ah, in what thoughts did he check the war-lord of Cnosus, when he came unwetted from the sea, a wonder to all, his form resplendent with the gifts of the gods! The bright-throned Nereids cried aloud with new-born gladness;

128κλαγεν δὲ πόντος· ἠΐθ εο ι δʼ ἐγγύθεν νέοι παιάνιξαν ἐρατᾷ ϝοπί. 130Δάλιε, χοροῖσι Κηΐων φρένα ἰανθεὶς ὄπαζε θ εό πομπον ἐσθλῶν τύχαν.

the deep resounded ; while the youths and maidens hard by raised a paean with their lovely voices.

God of Delos, may the choruses of the Ceans be pleasing to thy soul; and mayest thou give us blessings for our portion, wafted by thy power divine!

People and places in this passage

English translation by Sir Richard C. Jebb (1905). Original text: Sir Richard C. Jebb (ed.), Bacchylides: The Poems and Fragments, Cambridge University Press, 1905 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (OCR from the Internet Archive scan). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.