ἔστι δὲ οἴκημα ἐκτὸς τῆς Ἄλτεως, καλεῖται δὲ ἐργαστήριον Φειδίου, καὶ ὁ Φειδίας καθʼ ἕκαστον τοῦ ἀγάλματος ἐνταῦθα εἰργάζετο· ἔστιν οὖν βωμὸς ἐν τῷ οἰκήματι θεοῖς πᾶσιν ἐν κοινῷ. ὀπίσω δὲ ἀναστρέψαντι αὖθις ἐς τὴν Ἄλτιν ἐστὶν ἀπαντικρὺ τοῦ Λεωνιδαίου—
τὸ δὲ ἐκτὸς μὲν τοῦ περιβόλου τοῦ ἱεροῦ τὸ Λεωνίδαιον, τῶν δὲ ἐσόδων πεποίηται τῶν ἐς τὴν Ἄλτιν κατὰ τὴν πομπικήν, ἣ μόνη τοῖς πομπεύουσίν ἐστιν ὁδός· τοῦτο δὲ ἀνδρὸς μὲν τῶν ἐπιχωρίων ἐστὶν ἀνάθημα Λεωνίδου, κατʼ ἐμὲ δὲ ἐς αὐτὸ Ῥωμαίων ἐσῳκίζοντο οἱ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπιτροπεύοντες· διέστηκε δὲ ἀγυιὰν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐσόδου τῆς πομπικῆς, τοὺς γὰρ δὴ ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων καλουμένους στενωποὺς ἀγυιὰς ὀνομάζουσιν οἱ Ἠλεῖοι—
ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῇ Ἄλτει τοῦ Λεωνιδαίου περᾶν μέλλοντι ἐς ἀριστερὰν Ἀφροδίτης βωμὸς καὶ Ὡρῶν μετʼ αὐτόν. κατὰ δὲ τὸν ὀπισθόδομον μάλιστά ἐστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ πεφυκὼς κότινος· καλεῖται δὲ ἐλαία Καλλιστέφανος, καὶ τοῖς νικῶσι τὰ Ὀλύμπια καθέστηκεν ἀπʼ αὐτῆς δίδοσθαι τοὺς στεφάνους. τούτου πλησίον τοῦ κοτίνου πεποίηται Νύμφαις βωμός·
Καλλιστεφάνους ὀνομάζουσι καὶ ταύτας. ἔστι δὲ ἐκτὸς τῆς Ἄλτεως μὲν Ἀρτέμιδος Ἀγοραίας βωμός, ἐν δεξιᾷ δὲ τοῦ Λεωνιδαίου, πεποίηται δὲ καὶ Δεσποίναις —τὰ δὲ ἐς τὴν θεὸν ἥντινα ὀνομάζουσι Δέσποιναν διδάξει μοι τοῦ λόγου τὰ ἐς Ἀρκάδας—, μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον ἔστιν Ἀγοραίου Διὸς βωμός, πρὸ δὲ τῆς καλουμένης Προεδρίας Ἀπόλλωνος ἐπωνυμίαν Πυθίου καὶ μετʼ αὐτὸν Διονύσου· τοῦτον οὔτε πάλαι τὸν βωμὸν καὶ ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἰδιωτῶν ἀνατεθῆναι λέγουσιν.
ἰόντι δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν ἄφεσιν τῶν ἵππων ἔστι βωμός, ἐπίγραμμα δὲ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ Μοιραγέτα· δῆλα οὖν ἐστιν ἐπίκλησιν εἶναι Διὸς ὃς τὰ ἀνθρώπων οἶδεν, ὅσα διδόασιν αἱ Μοῖραι καὶ ὅσα μὴ πέπρωταί σφισι. πλησίον δὲ καὶ Μοιρῶν βωμός ἐστιν ἐπιμήκης, μετὰ δὲ αὐτὸν Ἑρμοῦ καὶ δύο ἐφεξῆς Διὸς Ὑψίστου· ἐν δὲ τῶν ἵππων τῇ ἀφέσει ἐν μὲν τῷ ὑπαίθρῳ, τῆς ἀφέσεως κατὰ μέσον που μάλιστα, Ποσειδῶνος Ἱππίου καὶ Ἥρας εἰσὶν Ἱππίας βωμοί, πρὸς δὲ τῷ κίονι Διοσκούρων.
τῆς δὲ πρὸς τὸν Ἔμβολον καλούμενον ἐσόδου τῇ μὲν Ἄρεως Ἱππίου, τῇ δὲ Ἀθηνᾶς Ἱππίας βωμός, ἐς δὲ αὐτὸν τὸν Ἔμβολον ἐσελθόντων Τύχης ἐστὶν ἀγαθῆς βωμὸς καὶ Πανός τε καὶ Ἀφροδίτης, ἐνδοτάτω δὲ τοῦ Ἐμβόλου Νυμφῶν ἃς Ἀκμηνὰς καλοῦσιν. ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς στοᾶς ἣν οἱ Ἠλεῖοι καλοῦσιν Ἀγνάπτου, τὸν ἀρχιτέκτονα ἐπονομάζοντες τῷ οἰκοδομήματι, ἀπὸ ταύτης ἐπανιόντι ἐστὶν ἐν δεξιᾷ βωμὸς Ἀρτέμιδος.
ἐσελθόντων δὲ αὖθις διὰ τῆς πομπικῆς ἐς τὴν Ἄλτιν, εἰσὶν ὄπισθεν τοῦ Ἡραίου Κλαδέου τε τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ Ἀρτέμιδος βωμοί, ὁ δὲ μετʼ αὐτοὺς Ἀπόλλωνος, τέταρτος δὲ Ἀρτέμιδος ἐπίκλησιν Κοκκώκας, καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος πέμπτος Θερμίου. τὸν μὲν δὴ παρὰ Ἠλείοις Θέρμιον καὶ αὐτῷ μοι παρίστατο εἰκάζειν ὡς κατὰ Ἀτθίδα γλῶσσαν εἴη θέσμιος· ἀνθʼ ὅτου δὲ Ἄρτεμιν ἐπονομάζουσι Κοκκώκαν, οὐχ οἷά τε ἦν μοι διδαχθῆναι.
ἔστι δὲ πρὸ τοῦ καλουμένου Θεηκολεῶνος οἴκημα· τούτου δὲ ἐν γωνίᾳ τοῦ οἰκήματος Πανὸς ἵδρυται βωμός. τὸ πρυτανεῖον δὲ Ἠλείοις ἔστι μὲν τῆς Ἄλτεως ἐντός, πεποίηται δὲ παρὰ τὴν ἔξοδον ἥ ἐστι τοῦ γυμνασίου πέραν· ἐν τούτῳ δὲ οἵ τε δρόμοι τῷ γυμνασίῳ καὶ τοῖς ἀθληταῖς εἰσιν αἱ παλαῖστραι. τοῦ πρυτανείου δὲ πρὸ μὲν τῶν θυρῶν βωμός ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος Ἀγροτέρας·
ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ τῷ πρυτανείῳ παριόντων ἐς τὸ οἴκημα, ἔνθα σφίσιν ἡ ἑστία, Πανός ἐστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς ἐσόδου βωμός. ἔστι δὲ ἡ ἑστία τέφρας καὶ αὕτη πεποιημένη, καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῆς πῦρ ἀνὰ πᾶσάν τε ἡμέραν καὶ ἐν πάσῃ νυκτὶ ὡσαύτως καίεται· ἀπὸ ταύτης τῆς ἑστίας τὴν τέφραν κατὰ τὰ εἰρημένα ἤδη μοι κομίζουσιν ἐπὶ τὸν τοῦ Ὀλυμπίου βωμόν, καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐς μέγεθος συντελεῖ τῷ βωμῷ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ἑστίας ἐπιφορούμενον.
ἑκάστου δὲ ἅπαξ τοῦ μηνὸς θύουσιν ἐπὶ πάντων Ἠλεῖοι τῶν κατειλεγμένων βωμῶν. θύουσι δὲ ἀρχαῖόν τινα τρόπον· λιβανωτὸν γὰρ ὁμοῦ πυροῖς μεμαγμένοις μέλιτι θυμιῶσιν ἐπὶ τῶν βωμῶν, τιθέασι δὲ καὶ κλῶνας ἐλαίας ἐπʼ αὐτῶν καὶ οἴνῳ χρῶνται σπονδῇ. μόναις δὲ ταῖς Νύμφαις οὐ νομίζουσιν οἶνον οὐδὲ ταῖς Δεσποίναις σπένδειν οὐδὲ ἐπὶ τῷ βωμῷ τῷ κοινῷ πάντων θεῶν. μέλει δὲ τὰ ἐς θυσίας θεηκόλῳ τε, ὃς ἐπὶ μηνὶ ἑκάστῳ τὴν τιμὴν ἔχει, καὶ μάντεσι καὶ σπονδοφόροις, ἔτι δὲ ἐξηγητῇ τε καὶ αὐλητῇ καὶ τῷ ξυλεῖ·
ὁπόσα δὲ ἐπὶ ταῖς σπονδαῖς λέγειν σφίσιν ἐν τῷ πρυτανείῳ καθέστηκεν, ἢ καὶ ὕμνους ὁποίους ᾄδουσιν, οὔ με ἦν εἰκὸς ἐπεισαγαγέσθαι καὶ ταῦτα ἐς τὸν λόγον. θεοῖς δὲ οὐ τοῖς Ἑλληνικοῖς μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ ἐν Λιβύῃ σπένδουσι καὶ Ἥρᾳ τε Ἀμμωνίᾳ καὶ Παράμμωνι· Ἑρμοῦ δὲ ἐπίκλησίς ἐστιν ὁ Παράμμων. φαίνονται δὲ χρώμενοι ἐκ παλαιοτάτου τῷ ἐν Λιβύῃ μαντείῳ, καὶ ἀναθήματα Ἠλείων ἐν Ἄμμωνός εἰσι βωμοί· γέγραπται δὲ ἐπʼ αὐτῶν ὅσα τε ἐπυνθάνοντο οἱ Ἠλεῖοι καὶ τὰ χρησθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀνδρῶν οἳ παρὰ τὸν Ἄμμωνα ἦλθον ἐξ Ἤλιδος. ταῦτα μὲν δή ἐστιν ἐν Ἄμμωνος·
Ἠλεῖοι δὲ καὶ ἥρωσι καὶ γυναιξὶ σπένδουσιν ἡρώων, ὅσοι τε ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῇ Ἠλείᾳ καὶ ὅσοι παρὰ Αἰτωλοῖς τιμὰς ἔχουσιν. ὁπόσα δὲ ᾄδουσιν ἐν τῷ πρυτανείῳ, φωνὴ μέν ἐστιν αὐτῶν ἡ Δώριος, ὅστις δὲ ὁ ποιήσας ἦν τὰ ᾄσματα, οὐ λέγουσιν. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἑστιατόριον Ἠλείοις· καὶ τοῦτο ἔστι μὲν ἐντὸς τοῦ πρυτανείου, τοῦ οἰκήματος τοῦ τῆς ἑστίας ἀπαντικρύ, τοὺς δὲ τὰ Ὀλύμπια νικῶντας ἑστιῶσιν ἐν τούτῳ τῷ οἰκήματι.
There is a building outside the Altis called the workshop of Phidias, and here Phidias wrought the image piece by piece. In the building there is an altar to all gods in common. Having returned into the Altis, opposite to the Leonidaeum (2. the Leonidaeum, though outside the sacred close, is at the processional entrance into the Altis, which is the only way that processions are allowed to take: the Leonidaeum was dedicated by Leonidas, a native, but in my time the Roman governors of Greece lodged in it: it is separated from the processional entrance by a street; for what the Athenians call lanes the Eleans name streets) 3. in the Altis, then, as you are about to pass to the left of the Leonidaeum, there is an altar of Aphrodite, and after it an altar of the Seasons. Just opposite the back chamber (of the temple of Zeus) there is on the right a wild olive-tree: it is called the Olive of the Fair Crown, and it is the custom to make from it the crowns which are given to the victors in the Olympic games. Near this wild olive there is an altar to the Nymphs, who are also named the Nymphs of the Fair Crowns. Outside the Altis, but to the right of the Leonidaeum, is an altar of Artemis of the Market, also an altar to the Mistresses. I will tell about the goddess, whom they name the Mistress, when I come to describe Arcadia. After it there is an altar of Zeus of the Market, and in front of what is called the Grand Stand is an altar of Pythian Apollo, and after it an altar of Dionysus. This last altar, they say, was dedicated by private persons not long ago.
As you go to the place where the chariots start, you pass an altar, the inscription on which declares that it belongs to the Guide of Fate. This is clearly a surname of Zeus, who knows the affairs of men, all that the Fates grant them, and all that they refuse. Near it is an oblong altar of the Fates, after it an altar of Hermes, and next two altars of Highest Zeus. At the place where the chariots start there are altars of Horse Poseidon and Horse Hera in the open air, just about the middle of the starting-place; and at the pillar is an altar of the Dioscuri. At the entrance to the so-called Wedge there is an altar of Horse Ares on the one hand, and an altar of Horse Athena on the other. When we have entered the Wedge we come to an altar of Good Fortune, Pan, and Aphrodite. At the inmost point of the Wedge is an altar of the Nymphs whom they call Buxom. Returning from the colonnade, which the Eleans call the Colonnade of Agnaptus, after the name of the architect, you have on the right an altar of Artemis. Having entered again through the processional entrance into the Altis, we see behind the Heraeum altars of the river Cladeus and of Artemis: the altar after these is Apollo’s: the fourth altar is that of Artemis surnamed Coccoca; the fifth that of Apollo Thermius. With regard to this Elean name Thermius, it occurred to me that it may be the same as thesmios (‘concerning laws’) in Attic; but why they give the surname of Coccoca to Artemis I was not able to learn. In front of the Theocoleon (priest’s house), as it is called, there is a building, and in a corner of this building there is an altar of Pan.
The Prytaneum of the Eleans is inside the Altis beside the exit which is over against the gymnasium. In this gymnasium are the running-paths and the wrestling-schools for the athletes. Before the door of the Prytaneum is an altar of Huntress Artemis. In the Prytaneum itself, on the right of the entrance into the chamber where is the hearth, there stands an altar of Pan. This hearth also is made of ashes, and on it a fire burns every day and every night. From this hearth, as I have said, they bring the ashes to the altar of the Olympian god, and the ashes so brought from the hearth contribute not a little to the size of the altar.
Once every month the Eleans sacrifice on all the altars I have mentioned. They sacrifice after an ancient fashion ; for they burn on the altars frankincense together with wheat which has been kneaded with honey. They place sprays of olive also on the altars, and pour a libation of wine. Only to the Nymphs and the Mistresses do they not pour libations of wine, nor do they pour them on the common altar of all the gods. The sacrifices are under the charge of the Priest, who holds office for a month, and of the Soothsayers and Libation-bearers, also of the Guide, the Flute-player, and the Woodman. The words which it is customary to utter at the libations in the Prytaneum, or the hymns which they sing, it would not be right for me to insert here.
But they pour libations not only to the Greek gods, but also to the god who is in Libya, and to Ammonian Hera and to Parammon. Parammon is a surname of Hermes. It is known that they have consulted the oracle in Libya from the most ancient times, and in the sanctuary of Ammon there are altars dedicated by Eleans: on them are inscribed the questions which the Eleans asked, the answers given by the god, and the names of the men who came to the shrine of Ammon from Elis. The Eleans also pour libations to all the heroes and wives of heroes who are honoured in the land of Elis and among the Aetolians.
All that they sing in the Prytaneum is in the Doric dialect, but they do not say who composed the songs. The Eleans have also a banqueting room: it is within the Prytaneum, opposite the chamber in which is the hearth. In this room they feast the Olympic victors.
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