ἀπαιτεῖ δὲ ἡμᾶς τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο ὁ λόγος τό τε Παλλάντιον, εἰ δή τι αὐτόθι ἐστὶν ἐς μνήμην, καὶ καθʼ ἥντινα βασιλεὺς αἰτίαν Ἀντωνῖνος ὁ πρότερος πόλιν τε ἀντὶ κώμης ἐποίησε Παλλάντιον καί σφισιν ἐλευθερίαν καὶ ἀτέλειαν ἔδωκεν εἶναι φόρων.
φασὶ δὴ γενέσθαι καὶ γνώμην καὶ τὰ ἐς πόλεμον ἄριστον τῶν Ἀρκάδων ὄνομα Εὔανδρον, παῖδα δὲ αὐτὸν νύμφης τε εἶναι, θυγατρὸς τοῦ Λάδωνος, καὶ Ἑρμοῦ. σταλέντα δὲ ἐς ἀποικίαν καὶ ἄγοντα Ἀρκάδων τῶν ἐκ Παλλαντίου στρατιάν, παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ πόλιν τῷ Θύβριδι οἰκίσαι· καὶ Ῥωμαίων μέρος τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς πόλεως, ὃ ᾠκεῖτο ὑπὸ τοῦ Εὐάνδρου καὶ Ἀρκάδων τῶν συνακολουθησάντων, ὄνομα ἔσχε Παλλάντιον κατὰ μνήμην τῆς ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ· χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον μετέπεσε τὸ ὄνομα ἐν ἀναιρέσει γραμμάτων τοῦ τε λ καὶ τοῦ ν. τούτων μὲν τῶν λελεγμένων ἕνεκα Παλλαντιεῦσιν ἐκ βασιλέως ἐγένοντο δωρεαί·
ὁ δὲ Ἀντωνῖνος, ὅτῳ καὶ ἐς Παλλαντιεῖς ἐστιν εὐεργετήματα, πόλεμον μὲν Ῥωμαίοις ἐθελοντὴς ἐπηγάγετο οὐδένα, πολέμου δὲ ἄρξαντας Μαύρους, Λιβύων τῶν αὐτονόμων τὴν μεγίστην μοῖραν, νομάδας τε ὄντας καὶ τοσῷδε ἔτι δυσμαχωτέρους τοῦ Σκυθικοῦ γένους ὅσῳ μὴ ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν, ἐπὶ ἵππων δὲ αὐτοί τε καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες ἠλῶντο, τούτους μὲν ἐξ ἁπάσης ἐλαύνων τῆς χώρας ἐς τὰ ἔσχατα ἠνάγκασεν ἀναφυγεῖν Λιβύης, ἐπί τε Ἄτλαντα τὸ ὄρος καὶ ἐς τοὺς πρὸς τῷ Ἄτλαντι ἀνθρώπους·
ἀπετέμετο δὲ καὶ τῶν ἐν Βριττανίᾳ Βριγάντων τὴν πολλήν, ὅτι ἐπεσβαίνειν καὶ οὗτοι σὺν ὅπλοις ἦρξαν ἐς τὴν Γενουνίαν μοῖραν, ὑπηκόους Ῥωμαίων. Λυκίων δὲ καὶ Καρῶν τὰς πόλεις Κῶν τε καὶ Ῥόδον ἀνέτρεψε μὲν βίαιος ἐς αὐτὰς κατασκήψας σεισμός· βασιλεὺς δὲ Ἀντωνῖνος καὶ ταύτας ἀνεσώσατο δαπανημάτων τε ὑπερβολῇ καὶ ἐς τὸν ἀνοικισμὸν προθυμίᾳ. χρημάτων δὲ ἐπιδόσεις ὁπόσας καὶ Ἕλλησι καὶ τοῦ βαρβαρικοῦ τοῖς δεηθεῖσι, καὶ ἔργων κατασκευὰς ἔν τε τῇ Ἑλλάδι καὶ περὶ Ἰωνίαν καὶ περὶ Καρχηδόνα τε καὶ ἐν γῇ τῇ Σύρων, τάδε μὲν ἄλλοι ἔγραψαν ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον·
ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ὑπελίπετο οὗτος καὶ ἄλλο τοιόνδε ἐς μνήμην. ὅσοις τῶν ὑπηκόων πολίταις ὑπῆρχεν εἶναι Ῥωμαίων, οἱ δὲ παῖδες ἐτέλουν σφίσιν ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, τούτοις ἐλείπετο ἢ κατανεῖμαι τὰ χρήματα ἐς οὐ προσήκοντας ἢ ἐπαυξῆσαι τὸν βασιλέως πλοῦτον κατὰ νόμον δή τινα· Ἀντωνῖνος δὲ ἐφῆκε καὶ τούτοις διδόναι σφᾶς παισὶ τὸν κλῆρον, προτιμήσας φανῆναι φιλάνθρωπος ἢ ὠφέλιμον ἐς χρήματα φυλάξαι νόμον. τοῦτον Εὐσεβῆ τὸν βασιλέα ἐκάλεσαν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι, διότι τῇ ἐς τὸ θεῖον τιμῇ μάλιστα ἐφαίνετο χρώμενος·
δόξῃ δὲ ἐμῇ καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τὸ Κύρου φέροιτο ἂν τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου, πατὴρ ἀνθρώπων καλούμενος. ἀπέλιπε δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ βασιλείᾳ παῖδα ὁμώνυμον· ὁ δὲ Ἀντωνῖνος οὗτος ὁ δεύτερος καὶ τούς τε Γερμανούς, μαχιμωτάτους καὶ πλείστους τῶν ἐν τῇ Εὐρώπῃ βαρβάρων, καὶ ἔθνος τὸ Σαυροματῶν, πολέμου καὶ ἀδικίας ἄρξαντας, τιμωρούμενος ἐπεξῆλθε.
The plan of my work next requires of me to describe Pallantium, if there is anything notable there, and to explain why the Emperor Antoninus the First changed Pallantium from a village into a city, and granted it freedom and immunity from taxes.
They say, then, that one Evander by name was the best of the Arcadians both in council and in war, and that he was a son of Hermes by a nymph, the daughter of the Ladon, and that having set out to found a colony at the head of a band of Arcadians from Pallantium, he built a city by the river Tiber. And that quarter of the present city of Rome which was inhabited by Evander and his Arcadian followers got the name of Pallantium in memory of the city in Arcadia ; but in after time the name was changed by the omission of the letters L and N. It was for these reasons that privileges were conferred on Pallantium by the Emperor.
Antoninus, the benefactor of Pallantium, never voluntarily involved the Romans in war; but when the Moors took up arms against Rome he drove them out of all their land, and forced them to flee into the utmost parts of Libya, as far as Mount Atlas and the peoples who dwell on that mountain. These Moors form the greatest part of the independent Libyans : they are nomads, and harder to combat than the Scythians, inasmuch as they roam, not on wagons, but on horseback, they and their women. Also he deprived the Brigantians in Britain of most of their territory, because they, too, had entered on a war of aggression by invading the province of Genunia, which is subject to Rome. The Lycian and Carian cities, also Cos and Rhodes, were overthrown by a violent shock of earthquake ; but the Emperor Antoninus restored them by a lavish expenditure of money, and by his eagerness to have them rebuilt. As to his free gifts of money both to Greeks and to such of the barbarians as needed it, and his buildings in Greece, Ionia, Carthage, and Syria, they have been very exactly recorded by other writers. The Emperor bequeathed another memorial of himself, and it was this :—In virtue of a certain law, all provincials who were Roman citizens, but whose children were Greeks, had only the alternative of distributing their property among strangers, or of giving it to swell the Emperor’s wealth; but Antoninus allowed them to transmit their property to their children, for he would rather enjoy a character for humanity than uphold a law which brought money into the treasury. This Emperor was called Pius by the Romans, because he was known to be most devout. In my judgment, the title borne by the elder Cyrus might well be applied to him—the Father of Mankind.
He bequeathed the throne to a son of the same name, Antoninus the Second, who inflicted punishment on the Germans, the most numerous and warlike barbarians in Europe, and on the Sarmatian nation, both of whom had wantonly broken the peace.
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