εἰς δὲ σύγκλητον εἰσῄει τε πρῶτος καὶ τελευταῖος ἀπηλλάττετο· πολλάκις δὲ τῶν ἄλλων σχολῇ συναγομένων καθεζόμενος ἀνεγίνωσκεν ἡσυχῇ, τὸ ἱμάτιον τοῦ βιβλίου προϊσχόμενος. ἀπεδήμησε δὲ οὐδέποτε βουλῆς γενομένης, ἐπεὶ δὲ ὕστερον οἱ περὶ Πομπήϊον ἑώρων αὐτὸν ἐν οἷς ἐσπούδαζον ἀδίκως ἀμετάπειστον καὶ δυσεκβίαστον ἀεί, διεμηχανῶντο φιλικαῖς τισι συνηγορίαις ἢ διαίταις ἢ πραγματείαις ἔξω περισπᾶν. συνεὶς οὖν ταχὺ τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν ἀπεῖπε πᾶσι καὶ παρετάξατο βουλῆς ἀγομένης μηδὲν ἄλλο πράττειν.
He used to be the first to reach the senate and the last to leave it; and often, while the other senators were slowly assembling, he would sit and read quietly, holding his toga in front of the book. He never left the city when the senate was in session. But afterwards, when Pompey and his friends saw that he could never be prevailed upon or forced from his position in any unjust measures which they had at heart, they would contrive to draw him away by sundry legal advocacies for friends, or arbitrations, or business matters. Accordingly, Cato quickly perceived their design and refused all such applications, and made it a rule to have no other business on hand while the senate was in session.
οὔτε γὰρ δόξης χάριν οὔτε πλεονεξίας οὔτε αὐτομάτως καὶ κατὰ τύχην, ὥσπερ ἕτεροί τινες, ἐμπεσὼν εἰς τὸ πράττειν τὰ τῆς πόλεως, ἀλλʼ ὡς ἴδιον ἔργον ἀνδρὸς ἀγαθοῦ τὴν πολιτείαν ἑλόμενος, μᾶλλον ᾤετο δεῖν προσέχειν τοῖς κοινοῖς ἢ τῷ κηρίῳ τὴν μέλιτταν, ὅς γε καὶ τὰ τῶν ἐπαρχιῶν πράγματα καὶ δόγματα καὶ κρίσεις καὶ πράξεις τὰς μεγίστας ἔργον πεποίητο διὰ τῶν ἑκασταχόθι ξένων καὶ φίλων πέμπεσθαι πρὸς αὐτόν.
For it was neither for the sake of reputation, nor to gain riches, nor accidentally and by chance, like some others, that he threw himself into the management of civic affairs, but he chose a public career as the proper task for a good man, and thought that he ought to be more attentive to the common interests than the bee to its honey. And so he was careful to have the affairs of the provinces and decrees and trials and the most important measures sent to him by his connections and friends in every place.
ἐνστὰς δέ ποτε Κλωδίῳ τῷ δημαγωγῷ κινοῦντι καὶ ταράττοντι μεγάλων ἀρχὰς νεωτερισμῶν καὶ διαβάλλοντι πρὸς τὸν δῆμον ἱερεῖς καὶ ἱερείας, ἐν οἷς καὶ Φαβία Τερεντίας ἀδελφὴ, τῆς Κικέρωνος γυναικὸς, ἐκινδύνευσε, τὸν μὲν Κλώδιον αἰσχύνῃ περιβαλὼν ἠνάγκασεν ὑπεκστῆναι τῆς πόλεως, τοῦ δὲ Κικέρωνος εὐχαριστοῦντος, τῇ πόλει δεῖν ἔχειν ἔφη χάριν αὐτόν, ὡς ἐκείνης ἕνεκα πάντα ποιῶν καὶ πολιτευόμενος.
At one time he opposed Clodius the demagogue, who was raising agitation and confusion as a prelude to great changes, and was calumniating to the people priests and priestesses, among whom Fabia, a sister of Cicero’s wife Terentia, was in danger of conviction. But Cato put Clodius to such shame that he was forced to steal away from the city; and when Cicero thanked him, Cato told him he ought to be thankful to the city, since it was for her sake that all his public work was done.
ἐκ τούτου μεγάλη δόξα περὶ αὐτὸν ἦν, ὥστε ῥήτορα μὲν, δίκῃ τινὶ μαρτυρίας μιᾶς φερομένης, εἰπεῖν πρὸς τοὺς δικαστάς ὡς ἑνὶ μαρτυροῦντι προσέχειν, οὐδὲ Κάτωνι, καλῶς ἔχει, πολλοὺς δὲ ἤδη περὶ τῶν ἀπίστων καὶ παραδόξων, ὥσπερ ἐν παροιμίᾳ τινὶ, λέγειν ὅτι τοῦτο μὲν οὐδὲ Κάτωνος λέγοντος πιθανόν ἐστι.
In consequence of this he was held in high repute, so that an orator, at a trial where the testimony of a single witness was introduced, told the jurors that it was not right to give heed to a single witness, not even if he were Cato; and many already, when speaking of matters that were strange and incredible, would say, as though using a proverb, This is not to be believed even though Cato says it.
μοχθηροῦ δὲ ἀνθρώπου καὶ πολυτελοῦς λόγον ἐν συγκλήτῳ διαθεμένου πρὸς εὐτέλειαν καὶ σωφρονισμόν ἐπαναστὰς Ἀμναῖος, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, εἶπε, τίς ἀνέξεταί σου δειπνοῦντος μὲν ὡς Λευκόλλου, οἰκοδομοῦντος δὲ ὡς Κράσσου, δημηγοροῦντος δὲ ἡμῖν ὡς Κάτωνος; καὶ τῶν ἄλλων δὲ τοὺς φαύλους καὶ ἀκολάστους, τοῖς λόγοις δὲ σεμνοὺς καὶ αὐστηρούς χλευάζοντες ἐκάλουν Κάτωνας.
Again, when a corrupt and extravagant man was expatiating in the senate on frugality and self-restraint, Amnaeus sprang to his feet and said: Who can endure it, my man, when you sup like Lucullus, build like Crassus, and yet harangue us like Cato ? And other men also who were degraded and licentious in their lives, but lofty and severe in their speech, were mockingly called Catos.
πολλῶν δὲ αὑτὸν ἐπὶ δημαρχίαν καλούντων οὐκ ᾤετο καλῶς ἔχειν μεγάλης ἐξουσίας καὶ ἀρχῆς, ὥσπερ ἰσχυροῦ φαρμάκου, δύναμιν ἐν πράγμασιν οὐκ ἀναγκαίοις ἐξαναλῶσαι. καὶ ἅμα, σχολῆς οὔσης τῶν δημοσίων, παραλαβὼν βιβλία καὶ φιλοσόφους ἐβάδιζεν εἰς Λευκανίαν, ἀγροὺς αὐτόθι κεκτημένος ἔχοντας οὐκ ἀνελευθέρους διατριβάς·
Though many invited him to become a tribune of the people he did not think it right to expend the force of a great and powerful magistracy, any more than that of a strong medicine, on matters that did not require it. And at the same time, being at leisure from his public duties, he took books and philosophers with him and set out for Lucania, where he owned lands affording no mean sojourn.
εἶτα καθʼ ὁδὸν πολλοῖς τισιν ὑποζυγίοις καὶ σκεύεσι καὶ ἀκολούθοις ἀπαντήσας καὶ πυθόμενος Νέπωτα Μέτελλον εἰς Ῥώμην ἐπανέρχεσθαι δημαρχίαν μετιέναι παρεσκευασμένον, ἐπέστη σιωπῇ, καὶ διαλιπὼν μικρόν ἐκέλευσεν ἀναστρέφειν ὀπίσω τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ. τῶν δὲ φίλων θαυμασάντων, οὐκ ἴστε, εἶπεν, ὅτι καὶ καθʼ αὑτὸν ὑπὸ ἐμπληξίας φοβερός ἐστι Μέτελλος, καὶ νῦν ἐκ τῆς Πομπηΐου γνώμης ἀφιγμένος εἰς τὴν πολιτείαν ἐμπεσεῖται δίκην σκηπτοῦ πάντα πράγματα ταράττων;
Then, meeting on the road many beasts of burden with baggage and attendants, and learning that Metellus Nepos was on his way back to Rome prepared to sue for the tribuneship, he stopped without a word, and after waiting a little while ordered his company to turn back. His friends were amazed at this, whereupon he said: Do ye not know that even of himself Metellus is to be feared by reason of his infatuation? And now that he comes by the advice of Pompey he will fall upon the state like a thunderbolt and throw everything into confusion.
οὔκουν σχολῆς οὐδὲ ἀποδημίας καιρός, ἀλλὰ δεῖ κρατῆσαι τοῦ ἀνδρός, ἢ καλῶς ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἀγωνιζόμενον ὅμως δὲ τῶν φίλων παραινεσάντων ἀφίκετο πρῶτον εἰς τὰ χωρία καὶ διέτριψεν οὐ πολὺν χρόνον, εἶτα ἐπανῆκεν εἰς πόλιν. ἑσπέρας δὲ ἐλθών εὐθὺς ἕωθεν εἰς ἀγορὰν κατέβαινε δημαρχίαν μετιών, ὡς ἀντιταξόμενος πρὸς τὸν Μέτελλον. τὸ γὰρ ἰσχυρὸν ἢ ἀρχὴ πρὸς τὸ κωλύειν ἔχει μᾶλλον ἢ πρὸς τὸ πράττειν κἂν πάντες οἱ λοιποὶ παρʼ ἕνα ψηφίσωνται, τοῦ μὴ θέλοντος μηδὲ ἐῶντος τὸ κράτος ἐστί.
It is no time, then, for a leisurely sojourn in the country, but we must overpower the man, or die honourably in a struggle for our liberties. Nevertheless, on the advice of his friends, he went first to his estates and tarried there a short time, and then returned to the city. It was evening when he arrived, and as soon as day dawned he went down into the forum to sue for a tribuneship, that he might array himself against Metellus. For the strength of that office is negative rather than positive; and if all the tribunes save one should vote for a measure, the power lies with the one who will not give his consent or permission.
τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον ὀλίγοι περὶ τὸν Κάτωνά τῶν φίλων ἦσαν φανερᾶς δέ τῆς γνώμης αὐτοῦ γενομένης, ὀλίγου χρόνου πάντες οἱ χρηστοὶ καὶ γνώριμοι συνέτρεχον καὶ παρεκάλουν καὶ παρεθάρρυνον αὐτὸν, ὡς οὐ λαμβάνοντα χάριν, ἀλλὰ τὴν μεγίστην διδόντα τῇ πατρίδι καὶ τοῖς ἐπιεικεστάτοις τῶν πολιτῶν, ὅτι πολλάκις ἀπραγμόνως ἄρξαι παρὸν οὐ θελήσας, νῦν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐλευθερίας καὶ πολιτείας ἀγωνιούμενος οὐκ ἀκινδύνως κάτεισι.
At first, then, Cato had only a few of his friends about him; but when his purpose became known, in a little while all the men of worth and note flocked to him with exhortations and encouragements. They felt that he was not receiving a favour, but conferring the greatest favour on his country and the most reputable of his fellow citizens; for he had often refused the office when he could have had it without trouble, and now sued for it at his peril that he might contend for the liberties of the state.
λέγεται δέ, πολλῶν ὑπὸ σπουδῆς καὶ φιλοφροσύνης ὠθουμένων πρὸς αὐτὸν, ἐν κινδύνῳ γενόμενος μόλις ἐξικέσθαι διὰ πλῆθος εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν. ἀποδειχθεὶς δὲ δήμαρχος σὺν ἑτέροις, καὶ τῷ Μετέλλῳ, τὰς ὑπατικὰς ἀρχαιρεσίας ὁρῶν ὠνίους οὔσας, ἐπετίμησε τῷ δήμῳ· καὶ καταπαύων τὸν λόγον ἐπώμοσε τοῦ δόντος ἀργύριον, ὅστις ἂν ᾖ, κατηγορήσειν, ἕνα Σιλανὸν ὑπεξελόμενος διʼ οἰκειότητα. Σερβιλίαν γὰρ ἀδελφὴν Κάτωνος ὁ Σιλανὸς εἶχε.
It is said, moreover, that he was in peril from the many who crowded upon him in their zeal and affection, and could hardly make his way for the crowd into the forum. He was declared tribune with others (including Metellus), and seeing that the consular elections were attended with bribery, he berated the people; and in concluding his speech he swore that he would prosecute the briber, whoever he might be, making an exception only of Silanus because of their relationship. For Silanus was the husband of Cato’s sister Servilia.
διὸ τοῦτον μὲν παρῆκε, Λεύκιον δὲ Μουρήναν ἐδίωκεν ἀργυρίῳ διαπραξάμενον ἄρχοντα μετὰ τοῦ Σιλανοῦ γενέσθαι, νόμῳ δέ τινι τοῦ φεύγοντος ἀεὶ φύλακα τῷ κατηγόρῳ διδόντος, ὥστε μὴ λαθεῖν ἃ συνάγει καὶ παρασκευάζεται πρὸς τὴν κατηγορίαν, ὁ τῷ Κάτωνι δοθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ Μουρήνα παρακολουθῶν καὶ παραφυλάττων, ὡς ἑώρα μηθὲν ἐπιβούλως πράττοντα μηδὲ ἀδίκως,
For this reason he let Silanus alone, but he prosecuted Lucius Murena on the charge of having secured his election to the consulship with Silanus by bribery. Now, there was a law by which the defendant could set a man to watch the prosecutor, in order that there might be no secret about the material which he was collecting and preparing for the prosecution. Accordingly, the man appointed by Murena to watch Cato would follow him about and keep him under observation.
ἀλλὰ γενναίως τε καὶ φιλανθρώπως ἁπλῆν τινα τῆς κατηγορίας καὶ δικαίαν ὁδὸν πορευόμενον, οὕτως ἐθαύμαζε τὸ φρόνημα καὶ τὸ ἦθος ὥστε κατʼ ἀγορὰν προσιὼν καὶ φοιτῶν ἐπὶ θύρας πυνθάνεσθαι τοῦ Κάτωνος εἰ μέλλει τι σήμερον πραγματεύσασθαι τῶν περὶ τὴν κατηγορίαν· εἰ δὲ μὴ φαίη, πιστεύων ἀπῄει.
When, however, he saw that Cato was doing nothing insidiously or unjustly, but was honourably and considerately following a straightforward and righteous course in the prosecution, he had such admiration for Cato’s lofty spirit and noble character that he would come up to him in the forum or go to his house and ask him whether he intended that day to attend to any matters connected with the prosecution; and if Cato said no, the man would take his word and go away.
τῆς δὲ δίκης λεγομένης ὁ Κικέρων, ὕπατος ὢν τότε καὶ τῷ Μουρήνᾳ συνδικῶν, πολλὰ διὰ τὸν Κάτωνά τοὺς Στωϊκοὺς φιλοσόφους καὶ ταῦτα δὴ τὰ παράδοξα καλούμενα δόγματα χλευάζων καὶ παρασκώπτων γέλωτα παρεῖχε τοῖς δικασταῖς. τὸν οὖν Κάτωνά φασι διαμειδιάσαντα πρὸς τοὺς παρόντας εἰπεῖν ὦ ἄνδρες, ὡς γελοῖον ὕπατον ἔχομεν.
When the trial was held, Cicero, who was consul at that time and one of Murena’s advocates, took advantage of Cato’s fondness for the Stoics to rail and jest at length about those philosophers and what were called their paradoxes, thus making the jurors laugh. Cato, accordingly, as we are told, said with a smile to the bystanders: My friends, what a droll fellow our consul is!
ἀποφυγὼν δὲ ὁ Μουρήνας οὐ πονηροῦ πάθος οὐδὲ ἄφρονος ἔπαθεν ἀνθρώπου πρὸς τὸν Κάτωνά· καὶ γὰρ ὑπατεύων ἐχρῆτο συμβούλῳ τῶν μεγίστων, καὶ τἆλλα τιμῶν καὶ πιστεύων διετέλεσεν. αἴτιος δὲ ἦν ὁ Κάτων αὐτός, ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος καὶ τοῦ συνεδρίου χαλεπὸς ὢν καὶ φοβερὸς ὑπὲρ τῶν δικαίων, εἶτα πᾶσιν εὐνοϊκῶς καὶ φιλανθρώπως προσφερόμενος.
And after Murena had been acquitted, he did not feel towards Cato as a base or senseless man might have done; for during his consulship he asked his advice in the most important matters, and in other ways constantly showed him honour and trust. And Cato himself was responsible for this; on the tribunal and in the senate he was severe and terrible in his defence of justice, but afterwards his manner towards all men was benevolent and kindly.
Cite This Text