Pausanias · Description of Greece Ἑλλάδος Περιήγησις

Pausanias, Description of Greece 10.3.1–4: The end of the Sacred War: the cities of Phocis razed by Philip

Pausanias dates Philip's end of the Sacred War to the ninth year after the seizure of Delphi. He lists the Phocian cities razed to the ground and the inhabitants dispersed into villages, with only Abae spared, and says the Phocians lost their place in the Delphic council and the Amphictyony. Their cities were later rebuilt, and the Phocians fought at Chaeronea, Lamia and Crannon and against the Gauls.

Sections 10.3.1–4 · 350 words · click a number to copy its link

δεκάτῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἔτει μετὰ τὴν τοῦ ἱεροῦ κατάληψιν ἐπέθηκεν ὁ Φίλιππος πέρας τῷ πολέμῳ, Φωκικῷ τε καὶ ἱερῷ κληθέντι τῷ αὐτῷ, Θεοφίλου μὲν Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, ὀγδόης δὲ Ὀλυμπιάδος καὶ ἑκατοστῆς ἔτει πρώτῳ, ἣν Πολυκλῆς ἐνίκα στάδιον Κυρηναῖος. καὶ ἐς ἔδαφος ἁλοῦσαι κατεβλήθησαν τῶν Φωκέων αἱ πόλεις· ἀριθμὸς δὲ ἦν αὐτῶν Λίλαια καὶ Ὑάμπολις καὶ Ἀντίκυρα καὶ Παραποτάμιοι καὶ Πανοπεύς τε καὶ Δαυλίς. τούτων μὲν δὴ ὄνομα ἦν ἐκ παλαιοῦ, καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐπῶν ἕνεκα τῶν Ὁμήρου·

τὰς δὲ αὐτῶν ἡ στρατιὰ καταπρήσασα ἡ μετὰ Ξέρξου γνωριμωτέρας οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐπῶν ἕνεκα τῶν Ὁμήρου· τὰς δὲ αὐτῶν ἡ στρατιὰ καταπρήσασα ἡ μετὰ Ξέρξου γνωριμωτέρας ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν ἐποίησεν, Ἐρωχὸν καὶ Χαράδραν καὶ Ἀμφίκλειαν καὶ Νεῶνας καὶ Τεθρώνιον καὶ Δρυμαίαν. αἱ δὲ ἄλλαι πλήν γε δὴ Ἐλατείας τὰ πρότερα οὐκ ἐπιφανεῖς ἦσαν, Τραχίς τε ἡ Φωκικὴ καὶ Μεδεὼν ὁ Φωκικὸς καὶ Ἐχεδάμεια καὶ Ἄμβροσσος καὶ Λέδων καὶ Φλυγόνιον ἔτι καὶ Στῖρις. τότε δὲ κατεσκάφησάν τε αἱ κατειλεγμέναι καὶ ἐς κώμας πλὴν Ἄβας ᾠκίσθησαν αἱ ἄλλαι· Ἀβαίοις δὲ ἐκτὸς ἀσεβείας ὑπῆρχε καθεστηκέναι, καὶ οὔτε τοῦ ἱεροῦ τῆς καταλήψεως οὔτε τοῦ πολέμου μετεσχήκεσαν.

ἀφῃρέθησαν δὲ οἱ Φωκεῖς καὶ μετεῖναί σφισιν ἱεροῦ τοῦ ἐν Δελφοῖς καὶ συνόδου τῆς ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, καὶ τὰς ψήφους αὐτῶν Μακεδόσιν ἔδοσαν οἱ Ἀμφικτύονες. ἀνὰ χρόνον μέντοι τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν αἱ πόλεις ἀνῳκίσθησαν καὶ ἐς τὰς πατρίδας κατήχθησαν ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν, πλὴν εἰ μὴ ἀνοικισθῆναί τινας ἐκώλυσεν ἀσθένειά τε ἡ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ἡ τῶν χρημάτων ἐν τῷ τότε ἔνδεια· Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ καὶ Θηβαῖοι σφᾶς ἦσαν οἱ κατάγοντες, πρὶν ἢ τὸ ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ συμβῆναι πταῖσμα Ἕλλησι.

καὶ ἀγῶνος τοῦ ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ μετέσχον οἱ Φωκεῖς, καὶ ὕστερον περὶ Λάμιαν καὶ ἐν Κραννῶνι ἐναντία Ἀντιπάτρου καὶ Μακεδόνων ἐμαχέσαντο· Γαλάτας δὲ καὶ τὴν Κελτικὴν στρατιὰν προθυμότατα ἠμύνοντο Ἑλλήνων, θεῷ τε τιμωροῦντες τῷ ἐν Δελφοῖς καὶ ἐς ἀπολογίαν ἅμα ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τῶν ἀρχαίων ἐγκλημάτων.

In the ninth year after the seizure of the sanctuary Philip put an end to the Phocian, or, as it is also called, the Sacred War: this was when Theophilus was archon at Athens, in the first year of the hundred and eighth Olympiad, in which Polycles of Cyrene won the foot-race.

The cities of Phocis were taken and razed to the ground: they were Lilaea, Hyampolis, Anticyra, Parapotamii, Panopeus, and Daulis. These cities were renowned of old, chiefly through the verses of Homer. Others again—Erochus, Charadra, Amphiclea, Neon, Tithronium, and Drymaea—became more generally known in Greece from having been burned down by the army of Xerxes. The other cities, with the exception of Elatea, were previously unknown to fame, namely, Phocian Trachis, Phocian Medeon, Echedamia, Ambrosus, Ledon, Phlygonium, and Stiris. All the cities I have enumerated were now levelled with the ground, and their inhabitants dispersed in villages: Abae alone was excepted, because its inhabitants had kept clear of sacrilege, and had taken no part either in the seizure of the sanctuary or in the war. The Phocians were also deprived of their share in the Delphic sanctuary and in the general assembly of Greece, and their votes were transferred by the Amphictyons to the Macedonians. In course of time, however, the cities of Phocis were rebuilt, and the inhabitants were brought back from the villages to the homes of their fathers, though some cities were not rebuilt because they had always been weak, and were then too poor to afford it. It was the Athenians and Thebans who brought back the Phocians before the overthrow of the Greeks at Chaeronea. 3. The Phocians took part in the battle of Chaeronea, and afterwards they fought at Lamia and Crannon against the Macedonians under Antipater. In repelling the Gauls and the Celtic host, none of the Greeks were more strenuous than the Phocians; for they felt that they drew sword for the god of Delphi, and they wished, too, I suppose, to wipe out the old stains on their honour. Such were the memorable deeds of the Phocians.

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English translation by Sir James George Frazer (1898). Original text: Friedrich Spiro (ed.), Pausaniae Graeciae descriptio, 3 vols., Leipzig: Teubner, 1903 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (OCR from the Internet Archive scan). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.